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A&P > Heart 2 > Flashcards

Heart 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
Depolarization of the atria corresponds
directly to the EKG’s
A.	P wave.
B.	QRS complex.
C.	QT interval.
D.	T wave.
E.	both A and D
A

A. P wave.

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2
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_ is to contraction as \_\_\_\_\_ is to
relaxation.
A.	Systole; diastole
B.	Diastole; systole
C.	Filling; relaxing
D.	Systole; filling
E.	both A and D
A

E. both A and D

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3
Q 
The structure that permits blood flow from
the right atrium to the left atrium while the
lungs are developing before birth is the
A.	foramen ovale.
B.	interatrial septum.
C.	coronary sinus.
D.	fossa ovalis.
E.	ligamentum arteriosis.
A

A. foramen ovale.

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4
Q 
The heart is innervated by \_\_\_\_\_ nerves.
A.	parasympathetic
B.	sympathetic
C.	both parasympathetic and sympathetic
D.	neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic
A

C. both parasympathetic and sympathetic

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5
Q 
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
A.	lungs.
B.	left ventricle.
C.	left atrium.
D.	systemic circuit.
E.	right atrium.
A

A. lungs.

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6
Q 
Increased venous blood flow to the right
atrium
A.	causes cells of the SA node to depolarize
faster.
B.	will result in increased heart rate.
C.	triggers the atrial (Bainbridge) reflex.
D.	all of the above
E.	B and C only
A

D. all of the above

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7
Q 
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing
through the
A.	aortic valve.
B.	pulmonary valve.
C.	mitral valve.
D.	tricuspid valve.
E.	bicuspid valve.
A

B. pulmonary valve.

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8
Q 
The P wave of the ECG appears as the
A.	ventricles depolarize.
B.	atria depolarize.
C.	ventricles repolarize.
D.	atria repolarize.
E.	ventricles relax.
A

B. atria depolarize.

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9
Q

Tetanic muscle contractions cannot occur
in a normal cardiac muscle cell because
A. cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.
B. there is no neural or hormonal stimulation.
C. the refractory period lasts until the muscle cell
relaxes.
D. the refractory period ends before the muscle
cell reaches peak tension.
E. none of the above

A

C. the refractory period lasts until the muscle

cell relaxes.

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10
Q 
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
A.	lungs.
B.	right ventricle.
C.	right atrium.
D.	systemic circuit.
E.	pulmonary circuit.
A

D. systemic circuit.

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11
Q

The amount of blood that is forced out of
the heart depends on
A. the degree of stretching at the end of
ventricular diastole.
B. the contractility of the ventricle.
C. the amount of pressure required to eject
blood.
D. A and B only
E. A, B, and C

A

E. A, B, and C

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12
Q

In cardiac muscle, the depolarization phase of
the action potential is the result of
A. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
B. increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
C. decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
D. decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E. increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.

A

A. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

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13
Q 
Drugs known as beta-blockers will
A.	increase heart rate.
B.	decrease heart rate.
C.	increase stroke volume.
D.	increase cardiac output.
E.	decrease the end-systolic volume.
A

B. decrease heart rate.

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14
Q 
The right atrium receives blood from the
A.	pulmonary veins.
B.	pulmonary trunk.
C.	aorta.
D.	inferior vena cava.
E.	conus arteriosus.
A

D. inferior vena cava.

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15
Q 
Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal
muscle in the
A.	arrangement of the T-tubules.
B.	arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C.	presence of striations.
D.	presence of intercalated discs.
E.	both A and D
A

C. presence of striations.

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16
Q

At an intercalated disc
A. the cell membranes of two cardiac muscle fibers are
completely separated by a synapse.
B. the myofibrils are loosely attached to the membrane
of the disc.
C. two cardiac muscle cells are connected by a gap
junction.
D. T-tubules unite the membranes of the adjoining cells.
E. both B and C

A

C. two cardiac muscle cells are connected by a gap

junction.

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17
Q 
During ventricular systole, the
A.	atria are contracting.
B.	blood is entering the ventricles.
C.	AV valves are closed.
D.	pressure in the ventricles declines.
E.	ventricles are relaxed.
A

C. AV valves are closed.

18
Q

The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action
potential is due to
A. the movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell
membrane.
B. the calcium channels remaining open longer than the
sodium channels.
C. the increased membrane permeability to potassium
ion.
D. a decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across
the membrane.
E. an increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

A

B. the calcium channels remaining open longer than

the sodium channels.

19
Q 
The atrioventricular valve on the side of
the heart that receives the superior vena
cava is the \_\_\_\_\_ valve.
A.	mitral
B.	bicuspid
C.	tricuspid
D.	pulmonary semilunar
E.	aortic semilunar
A

C. tricuspid

20
Q 
The heart beats approximately \_\_\_\_\_
times each day.
A.	1,000
B.	10,000
C.	100,000
D.	1,000,000
E.	1,000,000,000
A

C. 100,000

21
Q 
When the left ventricle contracts, the
distance from the apex to the base
A.	increases.
B.	decreases.
C.	remains unchanged.
A

B. decreases.

22
Q 
When the left ventricle contracts, the
diameter of the ventricular chamber
A.	increases.
B.	decreases.
C.	remains the same.
A

B. decreases.

23
Q

In cardiac muscle
A. calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
B. calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules.
C. calcium ions play no role in the process of
contraction.
D. at least half of the calcium ion required for
contraction comes from outside the cell.
E. calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing
the membrane after the depolarization phase.

A

D. at least half of the calcium ion required for

contraction comes from outside the cell.

24
Q 
Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the
A.	pulmonary veins.
B.	pulmonary trunk.
C.	aorta.
D.	inferior vena cava.
E.	superior vena cava.
A

B. pulmonary trunk.

25
``` The heart pumps approximately _____ liters of blood each day. A. 8,000 B. 15,000 C. 20,000 D. 50,000 E. 100,000 ```
A. 8,000
26
``` As a result of the long refractory period, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit A. tonus. B. treppe. C. tetany. D. recruitment. E. fatigue. ```
C. tetany.
27
Which of the following is greater? A. the concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle B. the concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle
A. the concentration of calcium ions in the | sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
28
``` The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the A. Purkinje fibers. B. SA node. C. AV node. D. wall of the left ventricle. E. both the left and right ventricles. ```
B. SA node.
29
``` The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the A. aorta. B. pulmonary trunk. C. pulmonary veins. D. right ventricle. E. left ventricle. ```
B. pulmonary trunk.
30
``` Drugs known as calcium channel blockers can be used to A. decrease the force of cardiac contraction. B. increase blood pressure. C. constrict the coronary arteries. D. increase sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium. E. increase stroke volume. ```
A. decrease the force of cardiac contraction.
31
``` The heart is roughly the size of _____. A. a thigh. B. a man’s clenched fist. C. the gallbladder. D. the hand of a 10-year-old. E. none of the above ```
B. a man’s clenched fist.
32
``` Enzymes that are found in blood following a myocardial infarction include all of the following, except A. LDH. B. ST-P. C. SGOT. D. MB-CK. E. CPK. ```
B. ST-P.
33
``` The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is A. 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C. 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. ```
D. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
34
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located A. in the opening of the aorta. B. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C. where the vena cavae join the right atrium. D. between the right atrium and right ventricle. E. between the left atrium and left ventricle.
E. between the left atrium and left ventricle
35
``` When a clot forms on the plaque in a coronary vessel and obstructs blood flow to the muscle, the condition is referred to as a(n) A. angioplasty. B. myocardial infarction. C. coronary thrombosis. D. angina pectoris. E. pulmonary embolism. ```
C. coronary thrombosis.
36
If you were to dissect a cadaver and cut a midsagittal section through the trunk, it would not divide the heart into equal halves because A. the center of the base lies slightly to the left of the midline. B. a line drawn between the center of the base and the apex points farther to the left. C. the entire heart is rotated to the left around the center line. D. all of the above E. none of the above
D. all of the above
37
Which of the following is greater? A. the number of action potentials per minute spontaneously generated by the SA node B. the number of action potentials per minute spontaneously generated by the AV node C. Neither is greater.
A. the number of action potentials per minute | spontaneously generated by the SA node
38
``` Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole? A. the pressure in the ventricle B. the pressure in the aorta C. Neither is greater. ```
A. the pressure in the ventricle
39
``` The entrance to the ascending aorta is guarded by the _____ valve. A. atrioventricular B. semilunar C. bicuspid D. tricuspid E. mitral ```
B. semilunar
40
The pace established by the SA node depends on all the following, except the A. extracellular concentration of potassium ion. B. extracellular concentration of calcium ion. C. temperature of the body. D. type and amount of neurotransmitter present. E. frequency of sympathetic and parasympathetic action potentials.
E. frequency of sympathetic and | parasympathetic action potentials.

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