Exam 1

Question 1

If the axolemma becomes more permeable to potassium ion,

a. the membrane will depolarize more rapidly.
b. the membrane will remain at resting potential.
c. the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged.
d. the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur.
e. it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential.

Answer 1

e. it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential.

Question 2

Microglia are found in the

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

For the patellar reflex, name the specific nerve carrying the efferent impulse.

Answer 3

femoral nerve

Question 4

How many neurons are in a monosynaptic reflex arc?

Answer 4

two

Question 5

List the specific NAME of one reflex that you studied/learned that is contralateral.

Answer 5

crossed extensor reflex

Question 6

What is the term for relaxing the hamstrings during the patellar reflex?

Answer 6

reciprocal innervation

Question 7

Name two essential components of a reflex arc/pathway:

Answer 7

sensory receptors

motor effectors

Question 8

List the four plexuses of the ventral rami.

Answer 8

cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus

Question 9

Damage to microglia cells would affect the:

a. transport of neurotransmitters within axons.
b. formation of ganglia.
c. formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
d. Wallerian degeneration or repair of damaged axons.
e. formation of myelin sheaths.

Answer 9

d. Wallerian degeneration or repair of damaged axons.

Question 10

The myelin in the peripheral nervous system is formed by:

a. astrocytes.
b. satellite cells.
c. oligodendrocytes.
d. microglia.
e. Schwann cells.

Answer 10

e. Schwann cells.

Question 11

Cells that control the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in interstitial fluid of the CNS are:

a. microglia
b. satellite cells
c. astrocytes
d. Schwann cells

Answer 11

c. astrocytes

Question 12

Membrane channels that are always open are called _____ channels.

a. graded
b. gated
c. regulated
d. local
e. leakage

Answer 12

e. leakage

Question 13

During continuous propagation,

a. local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.
b. action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon.
c. action potentials move in all directions along an axon.
d. local potentials produce a continuous inward flow of potassium ions. e. Occurs on myelinated axons

Answer 13

a. local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.

Question 14

In which of the following carry action potentials that travel around 40 mph?

a. a type A fiber
b. a type E fiber
c. a type C fiber
d. a type D fiber
e. a type B fiber

Answer 14

e. a type B fiber

Question 15

_____ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS.

a. Association
b. Sensory
c. Motor

Answer 15

b. Sensory

Question 16

Group of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called:

a. ganglia
b. horns
c. rami
d. white mater
e. nuclei

Answer 16

a. ganglia

Question 17

Which if the following neurotransmitters/neuromodulators is currently under research for chronic pain disorders?

a. Biogenic amines
b. GABA
c. Substance P
d. Acetylcholine
e. Nitric oxide

Answer 17

c. Substance P

Question 18

The dorsal root ganglion is part of the ________________ nervous system.

a. Central
b. Autonomic
c. Efferent
d. Peripheral

Answer 18

d. Peripheral

Question 19

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when:

a. hyperpolarizations occur.
b. more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell.
c. sodium channels are opened.
d. more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell.
e. chloride ions enter a cell.

Answer 19

c. sodium channels are opened.

Question 20

The period of time during which a second action potential can be initiated is called:

a. Absolute refractory period
b. All of nothing
c. Relative refractory period
d. Excitatory refractory period

Answer 20

c. Relative refractory period

Question 21

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following is the primary activity?

a. Potassium ions are flowing into the cell
b. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell
c. Neurotransmitter is diffusing into the cell
d. Sodium ions are flowing out of the cell
e. Potassium ions are flowing out of the cell

Answer 21

b. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell

Question 22

Opening of voltage gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in:

a. depolarization.
b. repolarization.
c. hyperpolarization.
d. increased negative charge inside the membrane.
e. reestablishing the resting potential

Answer 22

a. depolarization.

Question 23

Graded potentials:

a. may involve either depolarization or hyperpolarization.
b. produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation.
c. are all-or-none.
d. involve repolarization.
e. produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface.

Answer 23

a. may involve either depolarization or hyperpolarization.