Exam 1 Flashcards
If the axolemma becomes more permeable to potassium ion,
a. the membrane will depolarize more rapidly.
b. the membrane will remain at resting potential.
c. the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged.
d. the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur.
e. it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential.
e. it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential.
Microglia are found in the
CNS
For the patellar reflex, name the specific nerve carrying the efferent impulse.
femoral nerve
How many neurons are in a monosynaptic reflex arc?
two
List the specific NAME of one reflex that you studied/learned that is contralateral.
crossed extensor reflex
What is the term for relaxing the hamstrings during the patellar reflex?
reciprocal innervation
Name two essential components of a reflex arc/pathway:
sensory receptors
motor effectors
List the four plexuses of the ventral rami.
cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
Damage to microglia cells would affect the:
a. transport of neurotransmitters within axons.
b. formation of ganglia.
c. formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
d. Wallerian degeneration or repair of damaged axons.
e. formation of myelin sheaths.
d. Wallerian degeneration or repair of damaged axons.
The myelin in the peripheral nervous system is formed by:
a. astrocytes.
b. satellite cells.
c. oligodendrocytes.
d. microglia.
e. Schwann cells.
e. Schwann cells.
Cells that control the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in interstitial fluid of the CNS are:
a. microglia
b. satellite cells
c. astrocytes
d. Schwann cells
c. astrocytes
Membrane channels that are always open are called _____ channels.
a. graded
b. gated
c. regulated
d. local
e. leakage
e. leakage
During continuous propagation,
a. local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.
b. action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon.
c. action potentials move in all directions along an axon.
d. local potentials produce a continuous inward flow of potassium ions. e. Occurs on myelinated axons
a. local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.
In which of the following carry action potentials that travel around 40 mph?
a. a type A fiber
b. a type E fiber
c. a type C fiber
d. a type D fiber
e. a type B fiber
e. a type B fiber
_____ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS.
a. Association
b. Sensory
c. Motor
b. Sensory
Group of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called:
a. ganglia
b. horns
c. rami
d. white mater
e. nuclei
a. ganglia
Which if the following neurotransmitters/neuromodulators is currently under research for chronic pain disorders?
a. Biogenic amines
b. GABA
c. Substance P
d. Acetylcholine
e. Nitric oxide
c. Substance P
The dorsal root ganglion is part of the ________________ nervous system.
a. Central
b. Autonomic
c. Efferent
d. Peripheral
d. Peripheral
EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when:
a. hyperpolarizations occur.
b. more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell.
c. sodium channels are opened.
d. more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell.
e. chloride ions enter a cell.
c. sodium channels are opened.
The period of time during which a second action potential can be initiated is called:
a. Absolute refractory period
b. All of nothing
c. Relative refractory period
d. Excitatory refractory period
c. Relative refractory period
During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following is the primary activity?
a. Potassium ions are flowing into the cell
b. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell
c. Neurotransmitter is diffusing into the cell
d. Sodium ions are flowing out of the cell
e. Potassium ions are flowing out of the cell
b. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell
Opening of voltage gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in:
a. depolarization.
b. repolarization.
c. hyperpolarization.
d. increased negative charge inside the membrane.
e. reestablishing the resting potential
a. depolarization.
Graded potentials:
a. may involve either depolarization or hyperpolarization.
b. produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation.
c. are all-or-none.
d. involve repolarization.
e. produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface.
a. may involve either depolarization or hyperpolarization.
