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A&P > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q 
The lateral gray horns of the thoracic
spinal cord is the location of
A.	Splanchnic nerves
B.	Sympathetic chains
C.	Synapses bewteen preganglionic and
postganglionic neurons
D.	Cell bodies of some sympathetic
preganglionic neurons
A

D. Cell bodies of some sympathetic

preganglionic neurons

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2
Q

In the autonomic nervous system,
A. the lower motor neurons directly innervate effector
organs.
B. there is always a synapse between the CNS and the
effector organ.
C. motor neurons do not synapse but are connected by
gap junctions.
D. the cell bodies of all motor neurons are found in
ganglia outside the CNS.
E. neurons have dendrites but no axons.

A

B. there is always a synapse between the CNS and

the effector organ

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3
Q

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic
fibers are _____ and postganglionic fibers
are _____.

A

white; gray

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4
Q 
Stimulation of alpha-2 receptors would
lead to 
A.	Peripheral blood vessel dilation
B.	Peripheral blood vessel constriction
C.	Increased heart rate
D.	Break down of fat by adipose tissues
E.	Sweating
A

A. Peripheral blood vessel dilation

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5
Q 
In the sympathetic nervous system, where
do preganglionic fibers originate?
A.	target organs
B.	sacral segments of the spinal cord
C.	brain stem
D.	thoracic and superior segments of the spinal
cord
E.	all of the above
A

D. thoracic and superior segments of the

spinal cord

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6
Q

Which of the following statements concerning
the sympathetic chain is false?
B. Sympathetic ganglia provide postganglionic fibers to
every spinal nerve.
C. Sympathetic ganglia provide postganglionic fibers to
regions of the body serviced by cranial nerves III,
VII, IX, and X.
D. There are six cervical chain ganglia

A

D. There are six cervical chain ganglia

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7
Q

Nicotinic receptors
A. respond to epinephrine.
B. respond to norepinephrine.
C. open sodium channels when stimulated.
D. are found at neuroeffector junctions of the
parasympathetic nervous system.
E. open calcium channels when stimulated.

A

C. Open sodium channels when stimulated

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8
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the
parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous
system is false?
A. preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral
region of the spinal cord.
B. Postganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in ganglia within
or adjacent to effectors.
C. Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic
fibers are relatively long.
D. The effects of the parasympathetic branch are more specific and
localized than those of the sympathetic branch.
E. The postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine.

A

C. Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are long

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9
Q

Muscarinic receptors
A. are activated by acetylcholine.
B. are located on the surface of ganglion cells in both the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
C. when stimulated always produce an excitatory
response.
D. control sodium channels in the affected membrane.
E. are activated by norepinephrine.

A

A. Are activated by acetylcholine

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10
Q 
Injury to the neurons of a collateral
ganglion would affect the function of the
A.	heart.
B.	pupils.
C.	sweat glands.
D.	digestive tract.
E.	arrector pili muscles.
A

D. digestive tract.

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11
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic
nervous system are located in the
A. lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal
cord.
B. anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic region
of the spinal cord.
C. lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the
spinal cord.
D. anterior gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal
cord.

A

C. lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the

spinal cord.

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12
Q 
Damage to the ventral roots of the first five
thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the
body would interfere with the ability to
A.	dilate the right pupil.
B.	dilate the left pupil.
C.	contract the right biceps.
D.	contract the left biceps.
E.	smile and frown.
A

A. dilate the right pupil

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13
Q

Second-order neurons of the autonomic
nervous system are located in
A. the brain.
B. the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
C. the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
D. the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
E. autonomic ganglia.

A

C. the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.

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14
Q 
Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac
ganglion would lead to
A.	increased urination.
B.	increased heart rate.
C.	release of glucose from the liver’s glycogen
reserves.
D.	release of sweat from sweat glands on the
upper back.
E.	dilation of abdominal blood vessels.
A

C. release of glucose from the liver’s glycogen

reserves.

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15
Q 
Groups of post ganglionic sympathetic
neurons lying along either side of the
spinal cord are called \_\_\_\_\_ ganglia.
A.	intramural
B.	collateral
C.	chain
D.	prevertebral
E.	adrenal
A

C. chain

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16
Q 
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
bound for the heart and the lungs pass
through the
A.	celiac plexus.
B.	hypogastric plexus.
C.	cardiac plexus.
D.	sphenopalatine ganglia.
E.	otic ganglia.
A

C. cardiac plexus.

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17
Q 
Collateral ganglia contain neurons that
innervate tissues and organs in which
cavity?
A.	thoracic
B.	cephalic
C.	abdominopelvic
D.	both A and B
E.	both B and C
A

C. abdominopelvic

18
Q 
Groups of post-ganglionic neurons that
innervate organs in the abdominopelvic
region are called \_\_\_\_\_ ganglia.
A.	intramural
B.	collateral
C.	chain
D.	paravertebral
E.	adrenal
A

B. collateral

19
Q

Close examination of an effector organ shows that it
receives innervation by way of two neurons. The first is
located in the cord and synapses with a second in a chain
ganglion. Chemical analysis indicates that the
postsynaptic neuron releases acetylcholine and that the
effector has many cholinergic receptors. The effector is
probably
A. the heart.
B. a peripheral blood vessel.
C. a sweat gland.
D. the liver.
E. the pancreas.

A

C. a sweat gland.

20
Q 
Normal control of the diameter of the
respiratory passages depends upon
A.	sympathetic stimulation only.
B.	parasympathetic stimulation only.
C.	somatomotor stimulation only.
D.	both parasympathetic and sympathetic
levels of stimulation.
E.	sensory receptors sensitive to changes in lung
ventilation.
A

D. both parasympathetic and sympathetic

levels of stimulation.

21
Q 
A certain drug decreases heart rate by producing
hyperpolarization at the membrane of the
pacemaker cells of the heart. This drug probably
binds to \_\_\_\_\_ receptors.
A.	nicotinic
B.	muscarinic
C.	alpha-1 adrenergic
D.	alpha-2 adrenergic
E.	beta
A

B. muscarinic

22
Q

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS
function because it
A. allows ANS neurons to be absolutely silent under
normal conditions.
B. allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand
but not decrease their activity.
C. allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on
demand but not increase their activity.
D. allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their
activity, providing a range of control options.
E. provides for a narrow range of control options that
keep target tissues constantly active.

A

D. allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their

activity, providing a range of control options.

23
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous
system that carry motor impulses to targets in
the body wall or thoracic cavity synapse in a(n)
A. intramural ganglion.
B. collateral ganglion.
C. chain ganglion.
D. adrenal ganglion.
E. spinal nerve.

A

C. chain ganglion.

24
Q 
Celiac ganglia innervate which of the
following?
A.	gallbladder
B.	spleen
C.	kidney
D.	bladder
E.	both A and B
A

E. both A and B

25
Q 
Nerves that innervate organs in the ventral
body cavities are the \_\_\_\_\_ nerves.
A.	cervical spinal
B.	thoracic spinal
C.	cranial
D.	autonomic
E.	somatomotor
A

D. autonomic

26
Q 
Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors
causing constriction of peripheral vessels
are
A.	sympathetic blocking agents.
B.	sympathomimetic.
C.	parasympathetic blocking agents.
D.	parasympathomimetic.
E.	autonomic blocking agents.
A

B. sympathomimetic.

27
Q 
The celiac ganglion innervates the
A.	stomach.
B.	liver.
C.	pancreas.
D.	all of the above
E.	B and C only
A

D. all of the above

28
Q 
Drugs that target muscarinic receptors
would be
A.	sympathomimetic.
B.	parasympathomimetic.
C.	parasympathetic blocking agents.
D.	sympathetic blocking agents.
E.	autonomic blocking agents.
A

B. parasympathomimetic.

29
Q

As the result of an accident, the white rami of
spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of
Brad’s body are severed. What organ(s) would
you expect to be affected by this injury?
A. pupils
B. tongue
C. heart
D. all of the above
E. A and C only

A

E. A and C only

30
Q 
There are \_\_\_\_\_ sympathetic collateral
ganglia located in the abdominal cavity.
A.	1
B.	2
C.	3
D.	4
E.	6
A

C. 3

31
Q 
Mary accidentally ingests a toxin that
binds to muscarinic receptors. What
symptoms would you expect to observe?
A.	diarrhea
B.	decreased salivation
C.	increased heart rate
D.	difficulty in breathing
E.	A and D only
A

E. A and D only

32
Q 
Ganglionic neurons that innervate tissues
and organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
are located in the
A.	sympathetic chain ganglia.
B.	collateral ganglia.
C.	paravertebral ganglia.
D.	lateral ganglia.
E.	all of the above
A

B. collateral ganglia.

33
Q 
Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic
outflow travels along the
A.	splanchnic nerves.
B.	facial nerve.
C.	vagus nerve.
D.	glossopharyngeal nerve.
E.	collateral nerve.
A

C. vagus nerve.

34
Q

The effect of the neurotransmitter on the
target cell depends on the nature of the
A. neurotransmitter.
B. receptor on the presynaptic membrane.
C. receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.
D. A, B, and C
E. none of the above

A

C. receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.

35
Q 
Intramural ganglia in the kidney, urinary
bladder, and sex organs receive
innervation by way of the \_\_\_\_\_ nerves.
A.	spinal
B.	splanchnic
C.	chain
D.	pelvic
E.	collateral
A

D. pelvic

36
Q 
The sympathetic ganglia that lie close to
large abdominal arteries are the
A.	Prevertebral ganglia
B.	Paravertebral ganglia
C.	Terminal ganglia
D.	Sympathetic trunk ganglia
E.	Dorsal root ganglia
A

A. Prevertebral ganglia

37
Q 
Neurons of the parasympathetic branch of
the autonomic nervous system release the
neurotransmitter \_\_\_\_\_ at their effectors.
A.	acetylcholine
B.	epinephrine
C.	adrenalin
D.	norepinephrine
E.	dopamine
A

A. acetylcholine

38
Q 
Alpha and beta receptors are associated
with
A.	Sympathetic neurons
B.	Cholinergic neurons
C.	Muscarinic neurons
D.	Nicotinic neurons
E.	All answers are correct
A

A. Sympathetic neurons

39
Q 
Rest and digest activities are associated
with
A.	Cholinergic neurons
B.	Adrenergic neurons
C.	Sympathetic neurons
D.	Alpha 2 neurons
E.	Beta 3 neurons
A

A. Cholinergic neurons

40
Q 
A stroke to the lateral portion of the
hypothalamus would impair your ability to
A.	Increase your heart rate
B.	Digest your food
C.	Urinate
D.	Lower your blood pressure
E.	Constrict your airways
A

A. Increase your heart rate

41
Q

The drug atropine is given to subjects in
cardiac arrest because it
A. Is an antagonist for muscarinic receptors
B. It activates Beta 1 receptors in the heart
C. It activates alpha 2 receptors in the heart
D. It is an antagonist for alpha 2 receptors in the
heart
E. It activates nicotinic receptors

A

A. Is an antagonist for muscarinic receptors

42
Q 
Fibers of the ANS traveling with cranial
nerve X will stimulate which of the
following responses
A.	Increased breathing rate
B.	Increased heart rate
C.	Decreased force of contraction of cardiac
muscle
D.	Dilation of blood vessels in the skeletal
muscles of the torso
A

C. Decreased force of contraction of cardiac

muscle

A&P (34 decks)

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