Non-Sterile Compounding Flashcards
What are the types of compounding?
- Sterile or Non-Sterile
- can further be Hazardous or non-hazardous
What is the U.S Pharmacopeia [USP]?
- The standards of compouding
What is USP 795 about?
- Sterile Compounding
What is USP 797 about?
- Non-sterile Compounding
What is USP 800 about?
- Hazardous Drugs
What are some of the common non-sterile compounds used for?
- Orally
- Via Tube
- Reatally
- Vaginally
- Topically
- Nasally
- in the Ear
What is the reason to make a non-sterile compound?
- if the dose or formulation is not available
- Avoid certain excipiants
- Add flavors
What are some of the Space Requirements for Non-sterile Compounding?
-
- Specific Spot to do it in [NOTHING ON THE FLOOR]
- Temperature checked daily within pharmacy
- Access to plumbing [Hot, Cold, Purified water]
What are the two types of balences used in nonsterile compounding?
- Class III Torsion balence [not used as much]
- Toploader Electronic Balence [better to use]
What are the two types of graduateds that are used in nonsterile compounding?
- Cylinder [best to use]
- Conical
What is important to know about measuring using a graduated cylinder in nonsterile compounding?
- the meniscus needs to be on the line
What is important to know about measuring with syringes in nonsterile compounding?
- best for smaller volumes
What are the different mortars that are used and what is the importance of each?
- Glass: best for liquids & oily compounds
- Wedgwood: rough surface good for grinding
- Porcelan: smooth surface good or powders
What are surfactents?
- SURFace ACTive agENTs that lower the surface tension of 2 ingredents making them easier to mix
What is important to know about Surfactents?
are they hydrophillic or hydrophobic?
- Amphiphillic meaning both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
What are wetting agents?
- OR levigating agents
- reduce surface tension between liquids and solids
What are some of the common levigating agents that are used in nonsterile compounding
- Mineral Oil for Lipophilic [oil-solube] compounds
- Glycerin and Propylene Glycol for Aqueous [water-solube] compounds
What is a Suspension?
- A solid dispersed in a liquid
What are suspending agents
- added to suspensions to keep the solid particles from settling
- DO need to shake to redisperse suspensions
What are Emulsifiers
- two or more liquiuds that are NOT able to mix together
- helps keep liquid droplets dipersed in a liquid vehicle
What is the purpose of Binders?
- Help things stick together [opposite of lubricants]
What is the purpose of diluents and fillers?
- add size to very small doses
What is the purpose of disintegrants?
- helps with breaking up oral componuds
What is the purpose of flavorings and coloring agents?
- makes them look and taste better`
What is the purpose of lubricants?
- prevents sticking together [opposite of binders]
What is the purpose of preservatives?
- prevents microorgansims from growing
What are some examples of binders?
- Acacia
- Starch Paste
- Sucrose Syrup
- Compressable Sugars
What are some examples of Dilutents and fillers?
- Tablets/Capsule: Lactose, Starches, Calcium Salts, Cellulose Powders
- Liquids: Water, Glycerin, Alcohol
- Topicals: Petrolatum
What are some examples of disintegrants?
- Alginic acid
- Cellulose products
- Starches
What are some examples of Flavoring and colorings?
- Sweeteners: Aspartame, Sucralose, Glycerin, Dextrose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Stevia
- Coloring agents: D&C Red No. 3, Yellow No. 6, Caramel
What are some examples of lubricants?
- Magnesium Stearate
- PEG, Glycerin, Mineral Oil
What are some examples of Preservatives?
- Cholrhexidine
- Povidone Iodine
- Sodium Benzoate
- Sorbic Acid
- EDTA
- Thimerosal
- Cetylpyridinum Chloride
What is the purpose of buffer?
- Keeps pH in a specific range
What is the purpose of adsorbents?
- Keeps powders dry and prevents hydrolysis reactons
What is the purpose of anti-foaming agents?
- break up and inhibit formation of foam
What is the purpose of coating (regular)?
- prevents degradation due to oxygen, light, and moisture
What is the purpose of gelling (thickening) agents?
- increase viscosity = better stability
What is the purpose of humectants?
- prevents becoming dry and brittle
What are some examples of adsorbents?
- Magnesium oxide/carbonate
- Kaolin
What are some examples of anti-foaming agents?
- simethicone
What are some examples of coating (regular)?
- Shellac, Gelatin, Glutin (food grade)
- Cellulose
What are some examples of gelling (thickening agents)?
- Agar, Alginates, Gums [guar, xanthan], gelatins, etc
What are some examples of humectants?
- Glycerin or glycerol
- Propylene Glycol
- PEG
What is the purpose of water?
- used as a deliver vehicle and for cleaning
What is the purpose of sterile water?
- Preparing and reconstitution of sterile products
What is the purpose of alcohols?
- mixes with water easily and can dissolve things that wouldnt normally be in water
What is the purpose of glycols?
- have low freezing point and high bioling point
What is an Emollients [moisturizer]
- helps soften and sooth the skin
What are the types of emolliments [moisturizers] that are used?
- Ointments: best for extremely dry skin
- Creams: best for normal and dry skin
- Lotions: have most water and best for oily skin
What are some excipients that should be avoided in some patients?
-
- Alcohols [in childern]
- Aspartame [in phenylketonuria]
- Gelatin [in celiac disease]
- Lactose [in lactose intolerant]
- Preservatives [in Neonates]
- Sorbitol [ in IBS]
- Sucrose [in diabetes]
- Xylitol [in dogs?]
