Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of a Complete Blood Count?
A
- ## Lab panel with WBCs [differential = ALL WBC types], RBCs [Hgb, Hct], Platelets
2
Q
What is the definition of Basic Metabolic Panel?
A
- 7 - 8 tests: Electrolytes, glucose, renal function, acid/base
3
Q
What is it when there is an increase in an individual blood cell line?
WBC, RBC, Platelets?
A
- WBC: Leukocytosis
- RBC: Polycythemia
- Platelets:Thromobocytosis
4
Q
What is it when there is a decrease in an individuals blood cell line?
RBCs, WBCs, Platelet?
A
- WBC: Leukopenia
- RBC: Anemia
- Platelets: Thrombocytopenia
5
Q
What is it call when there is a decrease in multiple bllod cell lines?
RBC, WBC, Platelets, Granulocytes?
A
- WBC, RBC, Platelets: Myelosuppression
- Granulocytes: Agranulocytosis
6
Q
What are some drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?
A
- Clozapine, Propylthiourical, Methimazole, Procainamide, carbamazepine, Isoniazid, SMX/TMP
7
Q
What is the common range for Calium (Ca), Total?
A
- 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
8
Q
What are some additional notes about the Calcium (Ca), Total lab values?
Increase or decrease?
A
- Calculate corrected Ca if albumin is low
- increace Ca supp due to Vit D, thiazides
- decrease Ca due to heparin, loops, bisphophonates, cinacalcet
9
Q
What is the common range of Magnesium (Mg)?
A
- 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
10
Q
What are some additional notes about the Magnesium (Mg) lab values?
A
- Decrease do to PPI, Diurectics, Amp B
11
Q
What is the common range for Sodium (Na)?
A
- 135 - 145 mEq/L
12
Q
What are some of the additional notes for Sodium (Na) lab values?
Increase or decrease?
A
- Increase due to hypertonic saline, tolvaptain
- Decresae do to cabamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSRIs, diuretics
13
Q
What is the Common Range for Phosphate (PO4)?
A
- 2.3 - 4.7 mg/dL
14
Q
What are some additional notes about the Phosphate (PO4) lab values?
A
- Increased in CKD
15
Q
What is the common ranges for Potassium (K)?
A
- 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
16
Q
What are some additional notes about the Potassium (K) lab values?
Increase or decrease?
A
- Increase due to ACEi, ARBs, Aldosterone antagonists, aliskiren, canaglilozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, K supps. SMX/TMP…
- Decrease due to Beta 2 Agonists, Diurectics, Insulin
17
Q
What is the common range for Bicarbonate (HCO3 or “bicarb”)?
Venous and Arterial
A
- Venous: 24 - 30 mEq/L
- Arterial: 22- 26 mEq/L
18
Q
What are some additional notes about the Bicarbonate (HCO3 or “bicarb”) lab values?
A
- Decreases due to topiramate
19
Q
What is the common range for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?
A
- 7 - 20 mg/dL
20
Q
What are some additional notes about the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) lab values?
A
- Increased in renal impairment and dehydration
21
Q
What is the common range for Serum Creatinine (SCr)?
A
- 0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL
22
Q
What are some additional notes about the Serum Creatinine (SCr) lab values?
A
- increased due to A LOT of drugs that impair renal functions [AGs, Amp B, Cisplatin, Colistimethate, Cyclosporine, Loops, Polymyxin, NSIADs, Dyes, Tacrolimus, Vanc…]
23
Q
What is the common range for Glucose?
A
- 70 - 110 mg/dL
24
Q
What is the common range for Anion Gap (AG)?
A
- 5 - 12 mEq/L
25
What are some **additional notes** about the **Anion Gap (AG)** lab values?
- Increased AG = Metabolic Acidosis
26
What is the **common range** for **White Blood Cells (WBCs)**?
- 4,000 - 11,000 cells/mm^3
## Footnote
below or above = SIRS
27
What are some **additional notes** about the **White Blood Cell (WBCs)** lab values?
## Footnote
Increase or decrease?
- Increase due to **Steroids**
- Decrease due to **Clozpine, Chemo, Carbamazepine, Imunosuppressants...**
28
What is the **common range** for **Neutrophils**?
- 45 - 73%
29
What is the **common range** for **Bands**?
- 3 - 5%
30
What is the **common ranges** for **Eosinophils**?
- 0 - 5%
31
What are some **additional notes** about the **Eosinophils**?
- Increase in **allergies, asthma, inflammation, parasitic infections**
32
What is the **common range** for **Basophils**?
- 0 - 1%
33
What are some **additional notes** about the **Basophils**?
- Increased in **inflammation, hypersensitivity reactions**, leukemia
34
What is the **common range** of **Lymphocytes**?
- 20 - 40%
35
What are some **additional notes** about the **Lymphocytes** lab values?
## Footnote
Increased or Decreased?
- Increased in **Viral Infections, Lymphoma**
- Decreased in **Bone Marrow Suppression, HIV, or Steroids**
36
What is the **common range** of **Red Blood Cells (RBCs)**?
- Males: 4.5 - 5.5 x 10^6 cell/uL
- Females: 4.1 - 4.9 x 10^6 cell/uL
37
What are some **additional notes** about the **Reb Blood Cell (RBCs)** lab values?
## Footnote
Increased or decreased?
- Life span = 120 days
- Increased do to **ESAs**, smoking
- Decreased due to **Chemo, Deficiency Anemias, Sickle Cell, Hemolytic Anemia**
38
What is the **common ranges** for **Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)**
- Males: 13.5 - 18 g/dL
- Females: 12 - 16 g/dL
39
What are some **additional notes** about the **hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)** lab values?
## Footnote
Increased or decreased?
- Increased due to **ESAs**
- Decreased in **anemias**
40
What is the **common ranges** for **Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)**?
- 80 - 100 fL
41
What are some **additional notes** about the **Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)** lab values?
## Footnote
Increase and decrease?
- Increase (**Macro anemia**) due to **B12, Folate**
- Decrease (**Mirco anemia**) due to **Iron**
42
What is the **common ranges** for **Folic Acid (Folate**)?
- 5 - 25 mcg/L
43
What are some **additional notes** about the **Folic Acid (Folate)** lab values?
- B12 and Folate workup for **Macro Anemia**
- Decreased due to **Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Primidone, Methotrexate**
44
What is the **common range** for **Vitamin B12**?
- > 200 pg/dL
45
What are some **additional notes** about the **Vitamin B12** lab values?
- Increased due to **PPIs, Metformin**
46
What is the **common ranges** for **Reticulocyte Count**?
- 0.5 - 2.5%
47
What are some **additional notes** about the **Reticulocyte Count** lab values?
- Increase with bloos loss
- **decreased in untreated anemia** - due to iron, Folate, B12 and **BMS**
48
What is the **common range** for **Coombs Test, Direct**?
- Negative
49
What are some **additional notes** about the **Coombs Test, Direct** lab values?
- Diagnosis **hemolytic Anemia** [Drugs that can induce it: **Beta-Lactams, Isoniazid, Levodopa, Methyldopa, Quindine, quinine, Rifampin, Sulonamides**]
50
What is the **common range** of **Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [G6PD]**?
- 5 - 14 units/gram
51
What are some **additional notes** about the **Glucouse-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [G6PD]** lab values?
- if **Hemolytic aneima** is due to G6PD
- Triggered by **Fava Beans, Dapsone, Methyline Blue, Nitrofurantoin, Pegloticase, Primaquine, Rashburicase...**
52
What is the **common range** of **Anti-Facter Xa Activity [Anti-Xa]**?
- **LMWH** = 1.0 - 2.0 IU/mL [**Peak 4 hr**]
- **Hep** = 0.3 - 0.7 IU/mL [**Peak 6 hr**]
53
What are some **additional notes** about the **Anti-Factor Xa Activity [Anti-Xa]** lab values?
- Used to **Monitor LMWH and UFH**
- **Recommended in Pregnancy**
54
What is the **common range** of **Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio [PT/INR]**
- PT: 10 - 13 secs
- INR < 1.2 [if not on Warfarin]
55
What are some **additional notes** about the **Prothromin Time/Internatil Normalized Ratio [PT/INR]** lab values?
- Used to **monitor Warfarin**
- Increased INR if **Liver Disease** [liver makes this]
- **False** increase with **dapto, oritavancin, talevacin**
56
What is the **Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time [aPPT or PTT]**?
- 22 - 38 sec
57
What are some **additional notes** about the **Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time [aPPT or PTT]** lab values?
- Used to **monitor UFH**
- **False** increase with **oritavancin, telavacin**
58
What is the **common range** for **Platelets [PLTs]**?
- 150,000 - 450,000 cells/mm^3
59
What are the **additional notes** about the **Platelets [PLTs]** lab values?
- Platelets Life Span = **7 - 10 days**
- Decresaed due to **Hep, LMWHs, Fondaparinux**
60
What is the **common range** for **Albumin**?
- 3.5 - 5 g/dL
61
What are the **additional notes** about the **Albumin** lab values?
- Decreased due to **Cirrhosis, Malnutrition**
- **Warfarin, Calcium, Phenytoin** are impacted with low albumin
62
What is the **common range** of **Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST] and Alanine Aminotransferase [ALT]**?
- 10 - 40 units/L
63
What are the **additional notes** about the **Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST] and Alaline Aminotrasferase [ALT]** lab values?
- AST and ALT are released from **injured hepatocytes**
64
What is the **common range** for **Bilirubin**?
- 0.1 - 1.2 mg/dL
65
What are the **additional notes** about the **Bilirubin** lab values?
- Helps determine **liver damage** and **Detect bile duct blockage**
66
What is the **common range** for **Amylase**?
- 60 - 180 units/L
67
What are some **additional notes** about the **Amylase and Lipase** lab values?
- Increased in **pancreatitis**; caused by **didanosine, stavudine, GLP-1, DPP-4, Valproic Acid, Hypertrigluceridemia**
68
What is the **common range** for **Lipase**?
- 5 - 160 units/L
69
What is the **common range** for **Creatine Kinease or Creatine Phosphokinease [CK or CPK]**?
- Males: 55 - 170 IU/L
- Females: 30 - 135 IU/L
70
What are some **additional notes** about the **Creatine Kinase or Creatine Phosphokinase [Ck or CPK]** lab values?
- Assess **Muscle Damage or Inflammation**
- Increase due to **dapto, statin, tenofovir, raltegravir, dolutegravir**
71
What is the **common range** for **B-Type Natriuretic Peptide [BNP]**?
- < 100 pg/mL or ng/L
72
What is the **common range** for **Low Density Lipoprotein [LDL]**?
- **< 100 mg/dL, desirable**
73
What is the **common range** for **High Density Lipoprotein [HDL]**?
- Male: < 40 mg/dL
- Female > 60 mg/dL
74
What is the **common ranges** for **Triglycerides [TG]**?
- < 150 mg/dL
75
What are some **additional notes** about the **LDL, HDL, TG** lab values?
| -
- Fasting begin **~9 - 12 hr**
- Non-HDL = TC - HDL
76
What is the **common range** for **C-Reactive Protein [CRP]**?
- 0 - 0.5 mg/dL
77
What are some **additional notes** about the **C-Reactive Protein [CRP]** lab values?
- Increased CRP do to **Inflammation**
78
What is the **common range** for **Fasting Plasma Glucose [FPG]**?
- > 126 mg/dL = **Diatbetes**
- 100 -125 mg/dL = **Pre-diabetes**
79
What are some **additional notes** about the **Fasting Plasma Glucose [FPG]** lab values?
- Fasting beign **> 8 hours**
80
What is the **common range** for **Hemoglobin A1c [A1c]**?
- < 7%
81
What are some **additional notes** about the **Hemoglobin A1c [A1c]** lab values?
- BG over the last **3 months**
82
What is the **common range** for **C-Peptide**?
- **Distinguishes Type 1 from Type 2**
83
What is the **common range** for **Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH]**?
- 0.3 - 3 mIU/L
84
What are some **additional notes** about the **Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH]** lab values?
- **increase TSH = HYPO; decrease TSH = HYPER**
- Hyper due to **tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Lithium, Carbamazepine**
85
What is the **common range** for **Uric Acid**?
- Males: 3.5 - 7.2 mg/dL
- Females: 2 - 6.5 mg/dL
86
What are some **additional notes** about the **Uric Acid** lab values?
- Increased due to **diuretics, nicain, aspirin, pyrazinamide, cyclosporine, chemo's**
87
What is the **common range** for **Rheumatoid Factor [RF]**?
- Negative
88
What are some **additional ntoes** about the **C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Rheumatoid Factor [RF], Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR], Antinuclear Antibodies [ANA]** lab values?
## Footnote
Inflammation/Autoimmune Disease
- **Nonspecific test**
- **Drug Induced Lupus Erythematosus [DILE]** caused by many drugs
89
What is the **common ranges** for **Rheumatoid Factor [RF]**?
- Males: < 20 mm/hr
- Females: < 30 mm/hr
90
What is the **common range** for **Antinuclear Antibodies [ANA]**?
- Negative
91
What is the **common range** for **CD4 T Lymphocyte Count**?
- < 200 cells/mm^3
92
What is the **common range** for **HIV RNA Concentration [Viral Load]**?
- Undectable
93
What is the **common range** for **Prostate-Specific Antigen [PSA]**?
- < 4 ng/mL
94
What are some **additional notes** about the **Prostate Specific Antigen [PSA]** lab values?
- Detects **prostate cancer and/or BPH**
95
What are some **additional notes** about the **Human Chorionic Gonadotropin [hCG]** lab values?
- (+) = **pregnancy**
96
What are some **additional notes** about the **Luteinizing Hormone [LH]** lab values?
- Shows when **ovulation** occurs
97
What is the **common range** for **Lactic Acid [Lactate]**?
- 0.5 - 2.2 mEq/L
98
What are some **additional notes** about the **Lactic Acid [Lactate]** lab values?
| -
- Increased due to **NRTIs, Metformin**
