Calculations I Flashcards
What are some of the different ways that drugs can be measured?
- Weight [g, mg, kg…]
- Volume [L, mL…]
- Concentrations [% strength, ratio, PPM]
What does 1 Teaspoon equal in Milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 5 mL
What does 1 Tablespoon equal in milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 15 mL
What does 1 fl oz equal in Milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 30 mL
What does 1 cup equal in both Ounces and Milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 8 oz
- 240 mL
What does 1 pint equal in both Ounces and Milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 16 oz
- 480 mL
What does 1 Quart equal in both Pints and Milliliters?
Common Conversion?
- 2 Pints
- 960 mL
What does 1 Gallon equal in both Quarts and Milliliters?
Common Conversion
- 4 Quarts
- 3840 mL
What does 1 Kilogram equal in Pounds?
Common Conversion
- 2.2 Pounds
What does 1 Ounces equal in Grams?
Common Conversion
- 28.4 g
What does 1 Pound equal in both Grams and Ounces?
Common Conversion
- 454 g
- 16 oz
What does 1 grain equal in Milligrams?
Common Conversion
- 65 mg
Example Questions:
A prescription reads: “take 2 tsp PO Q6H x 7 days”. How many milliliters must be dispensed to complete 7 days of therapy?
- 280 mL
Example Question:
If 1 ounces = 30 mL, how many Milliliters of sterile water will remain after 50 mL are used from a 16 ounce bottle?
- 430 mL
What is the most important thing to note about rounding during calculations?
- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 = ROUND UP
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 = ROUND DOWN
Example Question:
A pediatric patient is receiving 5.25 mL of a drug every 4 hours. How many Milliliters will need to be required for the entire day? Round to the nearest whole number.
- 32 mL
Example Questions:
A patient requires 410.9 mg of a drug daily. The daily dose will be divided for BID administration. How many milligrams will the patient receive BID? Round to the nearest whole number?
- 205 mg BID
Example Question:
Enoxaparin 56.5 mg was ordered for a patient. The hospital rounds enoxiparin doese to the nearest 10 mg. What dose should be dispensed?
Why?
- 60 mg
- Rounding the Tenth spot
Example Question:
A patient is 5’2” tall. What is her height in centimeters? Round to the nearest whole number.
- 157 cm
What are Prooptions and what is important to know about setting up the equation?
- Two Fractions that are set equal with one variable having a X in its spot
- The units for the numberator MUST match and the units for the Demonator mUST match [(1 Apple/2 Peach) = (X Apple/5 Peach)]
What are Dimensonal Analysis and what is important to know about setting up this equation?
- What we were taught in school
- 1000 mg x (1g / 1000 mg) x ….
Example Question:
A patient weights 176 pounds. What is the patients wieght in Kilograms
Work it both ways: Proportion and Dimensional Anaylsis
- 80 kg
Example Questions:
How many Milliliters are in 5 liters?
- 5000 mL
Example Question
How many Decliters are equal to 200 Milliliters
- 2 dL
Example Questions:
How many nanograms are equal to 5 kg?
- 5 trillion ng
Example Question:
How many grams are equal to 50,000,000 Nanograms?
- 0.05 g
Example Question:
A pharmacist receives this prescription for hydrocondone/acetaminphen. how many tablets should be dispensed?
Hydrocodone/Actaminophen 5/325 mg #12
Sig: i-ii tabs PO q4-6h PRN pain x 2 days
- 12 tablets
- WRITTEN for 12
Example Question:
How many milliliters of mylanta suspension are contained in each dose of the prescription below? Round to the nearest whole number?
- Belladonna Tincture [10 mL]
- Phenobarbital [60 mL]
- Mylanta Susp. qs. ad [120 mL]
- Sig: 5 ml BID
- 2 mL
Example Question
A pharmacist receives a prescripton for “Vigamox 0.5% Dispense 3 mL 1gtt TID OU x 7 days”. How any drops will the patient used per day?
- 6 drops per day
Example Question
A 7-year-old male child [48 pounds] presents to the urgent care clinic with a fever of 102 F and Nausea/Vomiting that started the previous day. He will revceive an Acetaminophen 5 grain suppository for the fever. A pharmacist receives a prescription for the suppository with the instructions: use 1 PR Q4-6H PRN TEMP > 102 F. How many Milligrams per Kilogram will the child receive per dose? Round to the nearest whole number.
- 15 mg/kg
Example Question
A phamacist received the SMX/TMP prescription and dispensed 3 oz to the patient. How many days of therapy will the patient be short? Use 30 mL for 1 fl oz.
SMX/TMP 200-5 mg/5ml
sig: 1 tsp PO BID x 10 days, until all taken
- 10 mL = 1 day
Example Question
A pharmacist has tablets that contain 0.25 mg of levothyroxine per tablet. The tablets will be crushed and mixed with glycerol and water to prepare a prescription for a child weighing 36 pounds. How many levothyroxine tablets will be needed to compound the following prescription:
- Levothyroxine Liq. (0.1 mg/ml)
- Disp. (60 mL)
- Sig: 0.01 mg per kg PO BID
- 24 tabs of Levothyroxine needed
Example Question
How many Milligrams of codeine will be contained in each capsule?
- Codeine Sulfate (0.6 g)
- Guaifenesin (1.2 g)
- Caffeine (0.15 g)
- M. ft. caps. no 24
- Sig: One cap TID PRN cough
- 25 mg of codeine per capsule
Example Question:
How many grains of aspirin will be contained in each capsule? Round to the nearest tenth.
- Aspirin (6 g)
- Phenacetin (3.2 g)
- Caffeine (0.48 g)
- M. ft. no. 20 caps
- Sig: One cap Q8H PRN pain
- 4.6 grains/capsule
Example Question
A 45 milliliter nasal spray delivers 20 sprays per milliliters of solution. Each spray contains 1.5 mg of active drug. How many milligrams of drug are contain in the 45 mL package?
- 1350 mg of active drug
Example Question
A metered-dose inhaler provides 90 micrograms of albuterol sulfate with each inhalation. The canister provides 200 inhalations. If the patient uses the entire canister, how many milligrams will the patient have received?
- 18 mg
Example Question:
Digoxin injection is supplied to in ampules of 500 mcg per 2 ml. How many milliliters must a nurse administer to provide a dose of 0.2 mg?
- 0.8 mL
Example Question
If one 10 mL vial contains 0.05 g of diltiazem, how many milliliters should be administered to provide a 25 mg dose of diltiazem?
- 5 ml
What are some of the drug-dose conversions that we MUST know for the NAPLEX
Will go into more detail in the coresponding chapters
- Aminophylline/Theophylline [Asthma]
- Calcuim Salts [Osteoporsis, Menopause, Testosterone; Calc IV]
- Insulin [Diabetes]
- Iron Salts [Anemia]
- Lithium Salts [Bipolar Disorders; Calc II]
- Loop Diuretics [HF]
- Opiods [Pain]
- Potassium Cholirde [HF; Calc II]
- Statins [Dyslipidemia]
- Steroids
- IV:P conversions
Example Questions
The Pharmacist is consulted to convert a patient form prednisione 10 mg PO BID to an equivalent dose of Oral dexamethasone given one daily. What is the equivalent daily dose? Prednisione 5 mg = Dexamethasone 0.75mg
- 3 mg of dexamethasone daily
What is important to know about ratios in pharmacu calcutions?
- How ingredients should be mixed
- ## X and Y mixed in 3:1 = 3 parts X and 1 part Y
Example Question
How many grams fo bacitracin and nystatin are required to prepare 150 g of a 2:3 topical bacitracin:nystatin onitment?
- 60 g of Bacitracin
- 90 g of Nystatin
What is the way that we convert a decimal to a precent and a precent to a decimal?
- D to P = MULTIPLE by 100
- P to D = DIVIDE by 100
Example Question
HT is a 16-year-old female who complains of weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrul periods> She is diagnosed with anemia. HT takes ferrous sulfate 220 mg once daily. How many milligrams of elemental iron does HT receive form the supplement? Ferrous Sulfate is 20% Elemtent Iron
- 440 mg elemental iron
Example Question
Calculate 3.5 squared?
- 12.25
Example Question
Calculate 2 to the power of 4
- 16
What dose B-PEMDAS mean withi the Order of Operations?
- Brackets
- Parentheses
- Exponents
- Multipy
- Divide
- Add
- Subtract
Bruh, Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
Example Question
Sj is a famle patient in the internal medicine unit receiving treatment following a motor vehicle accident. Her medication includes Lorazepam, Morphine & Phenytoin. Her serum albumin is 1.8 g/dL and her phenytoin level is 9.6 mcg/mL. Her CrCl is 61 mL/min. Calculate SJ’s Corrected Phenytoin level (in mcg/mL) using the formula provided. Round to the nearest one decimal place..
Corrected Phenytoin = [(Total Phenytoin Measured)/((0.2 x Albumin) / 0.1))
- 20.9 mcg/mL
