Calculations I Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the different ways that drugs can be measured?

A
  • Weight [g, mg, kg…]
  • Volume [L, mL…]
  • Concentrations [% strength, ratio, PPM]
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2
Q

What does 1 Teaspoon equal in Milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 5 mL
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3
Q

What does 1 Tablespoon equal in milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 15 mL
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4
Q

What does 1 fl oz equal in Milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 30 mL
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5
Q

What does 1 cup equal in both Ounces and Milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 8 oz
  • 240 mL
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6
Q

What does 1 pint equal in both Ounces and Milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 16 oz
  • 480 mL
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7
Q

What does 1 Quart equal in both Pints and Milliliters?

Common Conversion?

A
  • 2 Pints
  • 960 mL
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8
Q

What does 1 Gallon equal in both Quarts and Milliliters?

Common Conversion

A
  • 4 Quarts
  • 3840 mL
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9
Q

What does 1 Kilogram equal in Pounds?

Common Conversion

A
  • 2.2 Pounds
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10
Q

What does 1 Ounces equal in Grams?

Common Conversion

A
  • 28.4 g
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11
Q

What does 1 Pound equal in both Grams and Ounces?

Common Conversion

A
  • 454 g
  • 16 oz
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12
Q

What does 1 grain equal in Milligrams?

Common Conversion

A
  • 65 mg
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13
Q

Example Questions:

A prescription reads: “take 2 tsp PO Q6H x 7 days”. How many milliliters must be dispensed to complete 7 days of therapy?

A
  • 280 mL
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14
Q

Example Question:

If 1 ounces = 30 mL, how many Milliliters of sterile water will remain after 50 mL are used from a 16 ounce bottle?

A
  • 430 mL
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15
Q

What is the most important thing to note about rounding during calculations?

A
  • 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 = ROUND UP
  • 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 = ROUND DOWN
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16
Q

Example Question:

A pediatric patient is receiving 5.25 mL of a drug every 4 hours. How many Milliliters will need to be required for the entire day? Round to the nearest whole number.

A
  • 32 mL
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17
Q

Example Questions:

A patient requires 410.9 mg of a drug daily. The daily dose will be divided for BID administration. How many milligrams will the patient receive BID? Round to the nearest whole number?

A
  • 205 mg BID
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18
Q

Example Question:

Enoxaparin 56.5 mg was ordered for a patient. The hospital rounds enoxiparin doese to the nearest 10 mg. What dose should be dispensed?

Why?

A
  • 60 mg
  • Rounding the Tenth spot
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19
Q

Example Question:

A patient is 5’2” tall. What is her height in centimeters? Round to the nearest whole number.

A
  • 157 cm
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20
Q

What are Prooptions and what is important to know about setting up the equation?

A
  • Two Fractions that are set equal with one variable having a X in its spot
  • The units for the numberator MUST match and the units for the Demonator mUST match [(1 Apple/2 Peach) = (X Apple/5 Peach)]
21
Q

What are Dimensonal Analysis and what is important to know about setting up this equation?

A
  • What we were taught in school
  • 1000 mg x (1g / 1000 mg) x ….
22
Q

Example Question:

A patient weights 176 pounds. What is the patients wieght in Kilograms

Work it both ways: Proportion and Dimensional Anaylsis

23
Q

Example Questions:

How many Milliliters are in 5 liters?

24
Q

Example Question

How many Decliters are equal to 200 Milliliters

25
# Example Questions: How many **nanograms** are equal to **5 kg**?
- 5 trillion ng
26
# Example Question: How many **grams** are equal to **50,000,000 Nanograms**?
- 0.05 g
27
# Example Question: A pharmacist receives this prescription for hydrocondone/acetaminphen. how many **tablets** should be dispensed? ## Footnote **Hydrocodone/Actaminophen 5/325 mg #12 Sig: i-ii tabs PO q4-6h PRN pain x 2 days**
- 12 tablets - WRITTEN for 12
28
# Example Question: How many **milliliters** of mylanta suspension are contained in each dose of the prescription below? Round to the nearest **whole number**? ## Footnote - Belladonna Tincture [10 mL] - Phenobarbital [60 mL] - Mylanta Susp. qs. ad [120 mL] - Sig: 5 ml BID
- 2 mL
29
# Example Question A pharmacist receives a prescripton for **"Vigamox 0.5% Dispense 3 mL 1gtt TID OU x 7 days"**. How any **drops** will the patient used per day?
- 6 drops per day
30
# Example Question A 7-year-old male child [**48 pounds**] presents to the urgent care clinic with a fever of 102 F and Nausea/Vomiting that started the previous day. He will revceive an **Acetaminophen 5 grain** suppository for the fever. A pharmacist receives a prescription for the suppository with the instructions: **use 1 PR Q4-6H PRN TEMP > 102 F**. How many **Milligrams per Kilogram** will the child receive per dose? Round to the nearest **whole number**.
- 15 mg/kg
31
# Example Question A phamacist received the SMX/TMP prescription and dispensed **3 oz** to the patient. How many **days** of therapy will the patient be short? **Use 30 mL for 1 fl oz**. ## Footnote **SMX/TMP 200-5 mg/5ml sig: 1 tsp PO BID x 10 days, until all taken**
- 10 mL = 1 day
32
# Example Question A pharmacist has tablets that contain **0.25 mg of levothyroxine** per tablet. The tablets will be crushed and mixed with glycerol and water to prepare a prescription for a child weighing **36 pounds**. How many **levothyroxine tablets** will be needed to compound the following prescription: ## Footnote - Levothyroxine Liq. (0.1 mg/ml) - Disp. (60 mL) - Sig: 0.01 mg per kg PO BID
- 24 tabs of Levothyroxine needed
33
# Example Question How many **Milligrams** of codeine will be contained in **each capsule**? ## Footnote - Codeine Sulfate (0.6 g) - Guaifenesin (1.2 g) - Caffeine (0.15 g) - M. ft. caps. no 24 - Sig: One cap TID PRN cough
- 25 mg of codeine per capsule
34
# Example Question: How many **grains** of aspirin will be contained in **each capsule**? Round to the nearest **tenth**. ## Footnote - Aspirin (6 g) - Phenacetin (3.2 g) - Caffeine (0.48 g) - M. ft. no. 20 caps - Sig: One cap Q8H PRN pain
- 4.6 grains/capsule
35
# Example Question A **45 milliliter** nasal spray delivers **20 sprays per milliliters** of solution. Each spray contains **1.5 mg** of active drug. How many **milligrams** of drug are contain in the **45 mL** package?
- 1350 mg of active drug
36
# Example Question A metered-dose inhaler provides **90 micrograms** of albuterol sulfate with each inhalation. The canister provides **200 inhalations**. If the patient uses the **entire canister**, how many **milligrams** will the patient have received?
- 18 mg
37
# Example Question: **Digoxin** injection is supplied to in ampules of **500 mcg per 2 ml**. How many **milliliters** must a nurse administer to provide a dose of **0.2 mg**?
- 0.8 mL
38
# Example Question If **one 10 mL vial** contains **0.05 g of diltiazem**, how many **milliliters** should be administered to provide a **25 mg** dose of diltiazem?
- 5 ml
39
What are some of the **drug-dose** conversions that we **MUST** know for the NAPLEX ## Footnote Will go into more detail in the coresponding chapters
- Aminophylline/Theophylline [Asthma] - Calcuim Salts [Osteoporsis, Menopause, Testosterone; Calc IV] - Insulin [Diabetes] - Iron Salts [Anemia] - Lithium Salts [Bipolar Disorders; Calc II] - Loop Diuretics [HF] - Opiods [Pain] - Potassium Cholirde [HF; Calc II] - Statins [Dyslipidemia] - Steroids - IV:P conversions
40
# Example Questions The Pharmacist is consulted to convert a patient form **prednisione 10 mg PO BID** to an equivalent dose of **Oral dexamethasone** given one daily. What is the equivalent daily dose? **Prednisione 5 mg = Dexamethasone 0.75mg**
- 3 mg of dexamethasone daily
41
What is important to know about **ratios** in pharmacu calcutions?
- How ingredients should be mixed - X and Y mixed in 3:1 = 3 parts X and 1 part Y -
42
# Example Question How many **grams** fo bacitracin and nystatin are required to prepare **150 g of a 2:3** topical bacitracin:nystatin onitment?
- 60 g of Bacitracin - 90 g of Nystatin
43
What is the way that we convert a **decimal to a precent** and a **precent to a decimal**?
- D to P = **MULTIPLE** by 100 - P to D = **DIVIDE** by 100
44
# Example Question HT is a 16-year-old female who complains of weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrul periods> She is diagnosed with anemia. HT takes **ferrous sulfate 220 mg** once daily. How many **milligrams** of elemental iron does HT receive form the supplement? **Ferrous Sulfate is 20% Elemtent Iron**
- 440 mg elemental iron
45
# Example Question Calculate **3.5 squared**?
- 12.25
46
# Example Question Calculate **2 to the power of 4**
- 16
47
What dose **B-PEMDAS** mean withi the **Order of Operations**?
- **B**rackets - **P**arentheses - **E**xponents - **M**ultipy - **D**ivide - **A**dd - **S**ubtract ## Footnote Bruh, Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
48
# Example Question Sj is a famle patient in the internal medicine unit receiving treatment following a motor vehicle accident. Her medication includes **Lorazepam, Morphine & Phenytoin**. Her serum albumin is **1.8 g/dL** and her phenytoin level is **9.6 mcg/mL**. Her CrCl is **61 mL/min**. Calculate SJ's **Corrected Phenytoin** level (in mcg/mL) using the formula provided. Round to the nearest **one decimal place**.. ## Footnote Corrected Phenytoin = [(Total Phenytoin Measured)/((0.2 x Albumin) / 0.1))
- 20.9 mcg/mL