Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Naplex 2025 > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of Cholesterol?

A
  • Used to produce BILE ACID [absorbs lipids]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the process of Eterogepatic Recycling?

A
  • Lipids go though bile ducts…
  • Then into Small intestines where its coverted into Bile Acids and Bile Salts…
  • Then back to liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cause of having Increased Cholesterol?

A
  • Atherosclerosis [Increase ASCVD]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the things that ASCVD can cause?

A
  • MI
  • Stroke
  • Stable Angina
  • PAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some of the way that we can decrase Cholesterol?

A
  • Reduce Formation [Statins]
  • Block Absorption [Ezetimibe]
  • Block Enterohaptic Recuculation [Colesevlam or Bile Salts]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 types of cholesterol?

A
  • HDL: “Good” and lowers ASCVD Risk
  • LDL: “Bad” and increases ASCVD Risk
  • TG: Total Cholesterol [TGs > 500 = Pancreatis]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Calculation to determine LDL levels?

Also what is the level to when you WONT use this to find LDL

A
  • LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5

When TG is 400, you WONT use thif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the desirable levels for HDL, LDL, and TG?

A
  • LDL < 100
  • LDL > 40 [Men] & 50 [Women]
  • TG < 150
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 types of Dylipidemia Classifacations?

A
  • Familial [genetic]
  • Seondary [Acquired by poor diet and exercise]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some of the drugs that can Increase LDL and TG]

A
  • Diruetics, Efavirenz, Immunosuppressants, Atypicals, Protease Inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some of the drugs that can Increase LDL only/

A
  • Fibrates, Fish Oils [except Vascepa], Anabolic Steroids, Progestins, SGLT-2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the ASCVD risk try to estimate?

A
  • The risk of having a first cardiovascular event during the next 10 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the drugs that can increase TG only?

A
  • IV Lipid Emulsions, Propofol, Clvidipine, Bile Acid Sequestrants (~5%), Estrogen, Tamoxifen, Beta-Blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some of the factors that are associated with ASCVD?

A
  • Sex, Age, Race, SMOKING
  • TC, HDL, LDL, & on a Statin
  • Blood Pressure & on HTN medications
  • Diabetes & on Aspirin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If still unsure based on ASCVD risk, what is another score you can look at to determine if a statin is right or not?

A
  • Coronary Artery Calcium Score > 100
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some non-pharm treatments for Dyslipidemia?

A
  • Good Diet [Vegetables, Fruits, Whole Grains, High-Fiber, Healthy Proteins]
  • LIMITED saturated fats, trans fats, sweets
  • Physical activity 3-4 times per week
  • AVOID tobacco
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some Natural Products used for Dyslipidemia?

A
  • Red Yeast Rice [natural HMG-CoA inhibitor]
  • Fish Oils [lower TGs]
  • NO GARLIC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the drugs of choice for Dyslipidemia?

A
  • STATIN +/- Ezetimibe or PCSK-9 Inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If a patient has Liver Damage, what are some things we should note?

A
  • Niacin, Ezetimibe, Statins, Fibrates can cause Liver Damage
  • IF AST/ALT is > 3x the upper normal limit; do NOT give any listed above
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA for Statins?

A
  • Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, stopping HMG-CoA to Mevaloate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the High Intensity Statins?

-

A
  • Atorvastatin 40 - 80 mg
  • Rosuvastatin 20 - 40 mg
22
Q

What are the Statin Equivalent Doses?

A
  • Pitavastatin 2mg
  • Rosuvastatin 5mg
  • Atorvastatin 10mg
  • Simvastatin 20mg
  • Lovastatin 40mg
  • Pravastatin 40mg
  • Fluvastatin 80mg

Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives and Preventing Fatty Deposits

23
Q

What is the most common adverse effect with statins?

What is the difference between the 3?

A
  • Muscle Damages
  • Myalgia: soreness/tenderness
  • Myopathy: weakness +/- CPK increase
  • Rhabdomyolysis: very high CPK leads to Renal Failure
24
Q

What is the way that we manage Myalgia?

A
  • Hold Statin and Check CPK
  • After 2-4 weeks: Re-chal with same statin at lower dose
  • Myalgia Returns… stop statin and change to low dose of a different one
  • No tolerate… non statin
25
Q

What are the contraindications for Statins?

A
  • Breastfeeding, Liver Disease, Using CYP3A4 Inhibitors [w/ Sim & Lov]
26
Q

What are the warnings for Statins?

A
  • Muscle Damages [Increased CPK; High dose = High risk]
  • Age
  • Using Niacin or Gemfibrizol
  • Pregnancy [unless high cardio risks]
  • Increased A1c/BG
27
Q

What are the side effects of Statins?

A
  • Myalgia/Myopathy
28
Q

What are some montioring perameters for Statins?

A
  • Lipid panel 4 - 12 w after starting then 3 - 12 m
  • LFTs at baseline [Hepatotoxicity]
  • CPK [muscle damage] & SCr/BUN for Urine output
29
Q

What are the drug interactions for Statins?

G PACMAN [Sim and Lova?]

A
  • Grapefruits
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Azoles
  • Cyclosproine
  • Macrolides
  • Amiodarone
  • Non-DHP CCBs

DO NOT use Sim or Lova with G PACM
Amiodarone [MAX 20mg Sim & 40mg Lova]
Non-DHP [Max 10mg Sim & 20mg Lova]

30
Q

Which statins generally have less drug interactions?

A
  • Rosuvastatin and Pravastatin
31
Q

What are some drugs that can increase muscle damage risk?

A
  • Fibrates and Niacin
  • DO NOT use statins with Gemfibrozil
32
Q

What are some of the Non-Statin thereapies used?

A
  • Ezetimibe and/or PCSK9 Inhibitors
  • Bempedoic Acid and Inclisiran maybe
  • Fish oils and Fibrates [mainly TGs]
33
Q

What is the MOA for Ezetimibe??

A
  • inhibits absoprtion of cholesterol in the small intestine
34
Q

What are some of the warning for Ezetimbie?

A
  • Avoid use in moderate or severe hepatic impairment
  • Prenancy/Breastfeeding is unknown
35
Q

what arethe side effects of Ezetimbe?

A
  • Myalgia
  • Arthralgia, Pain in Extremities, Diarrhea, URTIs
36
Q

What is the monitoring for Ezetimbe?

A
  • LFTs at baseline
37
Q

What is the MOA for the PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A
  • Blocks PCSK9 from binding to the LDL receptors, GREATLY reducing LDL
37
Q

What are the Warnings for the PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A
  • Allergic reactions
37
Q

What are the 2 PCSK9 Inhibitors that are used?

A
  • Alirocumab [Praulent]
  • Evolocumab [Repatha]
37
Q

What are the side effects for the PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A
  • Injection site reactions
38
Q

What are the Bile Acid Sequestrants that are used?

A
  • Colesevelam [Welchol]
  • Cholestryramine [Prevalite]
  • Colestipol [Colestid]
38
Q

What is the monitoring for the PCSK9 inhibitors?

A
  • LDL at baseline, then at 4 - 8 w
38
Q

What are the contraindications for the Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A
  • Bowel Obstruction in Colesevelam
  • Billiary Obstruction in Cholestyraimine
38
Q

What is the MOA for the Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A
  • Binds to bile acid making a complex that gets excreated in the poop
38
Q

What are some of the drug interactions for the Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A
  • Take all other drugs 1-4 h before OR 4-6 h after Cholestyramine or colestipol
  • Levothyroxine
  • Decrease absorption of Vitamins [mulitvitamin but separtte]
38
Q

What are the side effects for the Bile Acid Sequestrants?

A
  • Constipation, Ab Pain, Cramping, Bloating, Gas, increased TGs
39
Q

What is the MOA of the Fibrates?

A
  • PPAPa agonist that increase ApoC-II & ApoA-I; ApoC-II will increase lipoprotein lipase activity and catabolize VLDL = LARGE decrease of LDL
40
Q

What are the fibrates that are used?

A

-Fenofibrate [Tricor, Trilipix]
Gemfibrozil [Lopid]

41
Q

What are the contraindications for Fibrates?

A
  • Severe Liver Diseaes [Primary Biliary Cirrhosis]
  • Gallbladder Disease
42
Q

What are the warnings for Fibrates?

A
  • Myopathy [Increased risk with statins]
43
Q

What are the side effects for fibrates?

A
  • Dyspepsia [Gem], Increase LFTs, Ab pain, Increase CPK
44
Q

What are the drug interactions for the Fibrates?

A
  • Gem SHOUD NOT be taken with ezetimibe or statins
  • Fibrates can increase the effects of sulfonylureas and warfarin

Naplex 2025 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions