Immunizations Flashcards
1
Q
What is the link between vaccines and autism?
A
- NO EVIDENCE
- Thimerosal does NOT cause it (merucry-containing preservative)
2
Q
What is the purpose if the immune system?
A
- Distinguish self from non-self
- When antigen is detected, antibodies are produced to provide immunity and destroy the antigen
3
Q
What are the two types of Immunity?
A
- Active: own immune system makes antibodies
- Passive: antibodies from someone esle (mother to baby or IVIG)
4
Q
What are live vaccines?
A
- weakened vaccines made from modified viruses to replicate and make immunity
- contraindicated in immunocompromised and pregnancy
5
Q
What are inactived vaccines?
A
- Killed virus that causes a diminishing (over time) immunity
- May need a booster to increase immunity
6
Q
What are some of the common live vaccines?
A
- MMR
- Intranasal Influenza
- Cholera
- Rotavirus
- Oral Typhoid
- Varcella
- Yellow Fever
MICRO-VY
7
Q
Can vaccines be given simultaneuoly?
A
- Most live and inactivated vaccines can be given at the same time
7
Q
What is important to know about getting vaccines in a series?
A
- Increaseing interval: diminish the effectiveness & delay protection
- Decreasing interval: interfere with antibody production
8
Q
What are some of the local reactions for vaccines?
A
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
9
Q
What are some systemic reactions for vaccines?
A
- Fever, Malaise, Muscle Pain, Headache
- Flu shot can NOT give you the flu (its inactivated)
9
Q
What are some contraindications for getting a vaccine?
A
- Pregnancy and Immunosuppression for LIVE vaccines
- If gotten a anti-body blood product (MMR/Varicella = wait 3 months to 11 months)
10
Q
What are some invalid contraindicatoins for gettting a vaccine?
A
- Mild acute illness (slight fever, mild diarrhea)
- Current antibiotic treatment
- Previous mild-moderate skin reactions
- allergy or penicillin
- Pregnancy (Except LIVE)
- Recent TB skin test
- Immunosuppressed person in household
- Family history
11
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in Infants and Children?
A
- 3 doses of Hep B at birth
- RSV if mom didnt get it
- Pneumo, DTaP, Hib, Polio, Rota at 2 months
- MMR, Varicella at > 1 year
12
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in adolescents and young adults?
A
- Meningococcal - especially 1st year college
- HPV
- Tdap - around 11 yo
13
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in Pregnancy?
A
- NO LIVE VACCINES
- Inactivated Flu
- RSV at 32 to 36 weeks
- Tdap x1 at 27 to 36 weeks
14
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in Older adults?
A
- Shingrix at > 50 yo; 2 - 6 months apart
- Pneumococcal at > 65yo
15
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in diabetics?
A
- Pneumococcal
- Hep B at > 60 yo (if not gotten already)
16
Q
What vaccinations are recommended for healthcare professionals?
A
- Flu
- Hep B, Caricella, MMR if not immune
17
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in Sicle Cell Disease & Other casues of asplenia?
A
- Hib
- Pneumococcal
- Meningococcal
18
Q
What vaccinations are recommended in Immundeficiency?
A
- NO LIVE VACCINES
- Pneumococcal
- Shingrix at > 19 yo
- Meningococcal Quad, Hep A & B
19
Q
What are the COVID Vaccines
A
- Comirnaty (Pfizer)
- Spikevax (Moderna)
20
Q
What are the administration recommendations for COVID vaccine?
A
- Age > 12 yo; 1 dose in a 2 dose series about 3 - 8 weeks apart
21
Q
What are the Diphtheria Toxid vaccines
A
- DTaP: Daptecal, Infanrix
- DTaP-IPV: Kinrix, Quadracel
- DTaP-HepB-IPV: Pediarix
- DTaP-IPV/Hib: Pentacel
- DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB: Vaxelis
- Td: Tenivac, TDVax
- Tdap: Adacel, Boosterix
TDaP = Pediatric
Td = Adult
22
Q
What are the administration recommendations for Diphtheria Toxoid vaccine?
A
- DTaP: 5 doses given at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 4-6 years (under 7 yo)
- Td or Tdap: Every 10 years; wound prophy (if more than 5 years); every pregnancy
23
What are some of the **Hepatitis containing** vaccines
- **Hep A: Harvirx, Vaqta**
- **Hep B: Engerix-B, Heplisav-B**
- Hep A & B: Twinrix
- **DTaP-HepB-IPV: Pediarix**
- DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB: Vaxelis
24
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Hepatitis contianing** vaccines?
- Hep A: 2 dose at 1 - 2 yo or adults: men who have sex with men, chronic liver disease
- Hep B: 24 hours after birth at 0, 1-2, 6-18 months; adults no previously vaccinated (at 19 - 59 yo)
- Hep A & B: 3 doses from 0, 1, 6 months apart
25
What are the **HPV** vaccines?
-**HPV 9 or Gardasil 9**
26
What are the **administration recommendations** for **HPV** vaccine?
- Age 9 - 26 yo: 11-12 yo start time is recommended
- **Before 15 yo** = 2 doses (0 to 6-12 months apart)
- **After 15 yo** = 3 dose (0, 1-2, 6 months apart)
27
What are some **Flu Vaccine Tips**
- All have "Flu" in the name
- 6m to 8y (give 2 separate doses 1m apart)
- Egg allery (can get - FLublok is egg free)
- Pregnancy (NO LIVE)
- > 65 yo = Fluzoen high dose
28
What are the **flu** vaccines?
- **Afluria, Fluarox, FluLaval, Fluzone** (Quad INACTIVATED)
- **Flucelvax** (Quad Inactivated; Egg Free)
- Flubok (Quad Inactivated; Egg Free)
- **Fluzone High-dose** (Quad Inactivated; > 65 yo only)
- **Flumist** (Quad LIVE; only for healthy 2 - 49 yo)
29
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Flu** vaccine?
- As soon as its is available (outbreaks occur in Feb)
- Live: NOT for pregnany
30
What are the **Measle, Mumps, Rubella** vaccines
- **MMR: M-M-R II**
- **MMRV: ProQuad**
## Footnote
**LIVE VACCINES**
31
What are the **administration recommendations** for **MMR** vaccine?
- Kids: 2 dose series at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
- ProQuad for those 12m to 12y
- Adults: if no ebidence of immunity
- NOT in pregnancy or immunosuppressed
32
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Meningococcal** vaccine?
- Adolescents: 2 doses at 11-12 yo and 6 yo
- Special Pops: travelers (african meningitis belt), > 2m with asplenia/sickle cell disease, 1st year college students
32
What are the **Meningococcal** Vaccines?
- **MenACWY: MenquadFi, Menveo**
- **Men B: Bexsero, Trumenba**
- **MenABCWY: Penbraya**
33
What are the **pneumococcal** vaccines?
- **Conjugate Vaccine: Prevnar 20 (PCV20) or Vaxneuvance (PCV 15)**
- **Polysaccharide Vaccine: Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23)**
34
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Penumococcal** vaccine?
- Kids: 4 doses of PCV15 or PCV20 at 2, 4, 6 and 12-15 months
- Adults: never gotten before - 19 - 64 y = **PCV20** or **PCV15 x1 + PPSV23 x1 > 12 moths later**
35
What are the **Polio** vaccines?
- **IPV: IPOL**
- DTap-IPV: Kinrix, Quadracel
- **DTaP-HepB-IPV: Pediarix**
- DTaP-IPV/Hib: Pentacel
- DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB: Vaxelis
36
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Polio** vaccine?
- 4 doses at ag 2, 4, 6-18 months and 4-6 years
37
What is the **Rotavirus** vaccines?
- RV1: **Rotarix**
- RV5: **RotaTeq**
38
What are the **administration recommendations** for **Rotavirus** vaccine?
- Infant series (DO NOT start after 15 weeks)
- RV1: 2 doses at 2 and 4 months
- RV5: 3 doses at 2, 4 and 6 months
39
What are the **RSV** vaccines?
- **RSV Vaccine: Abrysvo**
- **RSV Monoclonal Antibodies: Nirsevimab (Beyfortus) & Palivizumab (Synagis)**
40
What are the **administration recommendations** for **RSV** vaccine?
- Pregnant at 32 - 36 weeks; 1 dose to prevent RSV in infant
- Adults > 60 yo
- Neonates or Infants < 8m born during or entering 1st RSV: 1 dose of Nirsevimab
41
What are the **Varicella** vaccines?
- **Varicella Virus Vaccines:** (for chickenpox) **Variax**
- **MMRV: ProQuad**
- **Shingles/Herpes Zoster: Shingrix**
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