Non Regenerative Bone Marrow

Question 1

In a non regenerative anemia, size is not usually helpful except in ______ induced microcytosis

Answer 1

FeLV

Question 2

What is the difference between erythrocytes hypoplasia and aplasia?

Answer 2

Hypoplasia-> red cell production is decreased

Aplasia -> no red cell production

Question 3

What are the general causes of aplasia anemia?

Answer 3

Infectious agent (eg ehrlicia, FeLV)
Immune-mediated destruction 
Drugs or chemicals

Question 4

An infectious agent of cats that can cause aplastic anemia?

Answer 4

FeLV

Question 5

An infectous agent of doggos that can cause aplasitic anemia

Answer 5

Ehrlichia canis

Question 6

An infectous agent of horses that can cause aplastic anemia

Answer 6

Equine infectious anemia virus (lenivirus)

Question 7

T/F: pure red cell aplasia is rare

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Immune mediated aplastic anemia is usually due to ______________ directed against stem cells

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

What are intrinsic causes of erythroid hypoplasia

Answer 9

Myelodysplasia
Leukemia
Immune-mediated destruction of erythroid precursor

Question 10

What are extrinsic factors causing erythroid hypoplaisa

Answer 10

Chronic renal disease
Endocrine disorders
Inflammatory disease

Question 11

How does renal disease contribute to anemia

Answer 11

Insufficient erythropoietin 
Uremic toxins
Excess parathyroid 
Hypocalcemia (vitamin D is not converted to calcitonin) 
Bleeding tendencies

Question 12

In a mid-moderate anemia
Non-regenerative
Low serum iron
Increased storage iron

Answer 12

Anemia of inflammatory disease

–> RBC decreased due to unavailability of iron or inflammatory cytokines

Question 13

LPS of gram negative bacteria and IL6 induce production of ___________ in the liver. This peptide prevents cellular efflux of iron by binding to and inducing degradation of ferroportin (transporter of iron)

Answer 13

Hepcidin

Question 14

LPS can down regulate divalent metal transporter (DMT1) expression that will inhibit absorption of _________ in the duodenum

Answer 14

Iron

Question 15

__________ will up regulate DMT on macrhophages resulting in increased iron uptake into cells

Answer 15

Cytokines

Question 16

IL10 will increased ____________ receptors on machrophages to increase iron uptake

Answer 16

Transferrin

Question 17

TNFa, IL6, and IL10 up regulate _________ expression promoting promoting storage and retention of iron

Answer 17

Ferritin

Question 18

How does hypothyroidism contribute to anemia

Answer 18

Mild anemia

Decreased metabolic rate

Question 19

What to endocrine disorders can cause an endocriopathy-related aneima

Answer 19

Hypothyroidism

Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 20

CASE -10yr old cat

PCV 17% (low)
Rectics 80 (low)
T Protein 8.2 (high)

Lymphs 1.0 (low)

Glucose 328 (high)
Phos 1.9 (low)
Alb 4.3 (high)
Blood smear -> heinz bodies

What in the world could this be???

Answer 20

PCV-> anemia
Rectics -> non regenerative

Glucose -> diabetes (can also cause heinz bodies)

Lymph -> stress

Interpretation: Hemolytic anemia due to heinz bodies