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RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Acid-Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How is blood pH maintained?

A

Extracellular and intracellular buffers

Rate of alveolar ventilation

Renal excretion of H+

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2
Q

What sample would be good for evaluating acid base status?

A

Venous

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3
Q

What sample should you use to evaluate pO2 and is useful for evaluating cardiopulmonary function

A

Arterial

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4
Q

Blood grass analysis is collected in what tube?

A

Green (heparin)

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5
Q

TCO2 = _____________

A

Bicarb!!!

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6
Q

Increased blood pH

A

Alkalemia

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7
Q

Decreased blood pH

A

Acidemia

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8
Q

Is pCO2 an acid or base?

A

ACID

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9
Q

Is pCO2 is increased you have?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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10
Q

If pCO2 is decreased you have a ??

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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11
Q

Is TCO2 an acid or base?

A

BASE

TCO2=HCO3-

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12
Q

If HCO3- is increased you have

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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13
Q

If HCO3- is decreased you have??

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

If you have an increased pCO2 you have ______________ and would compensate with by __________

A

Respiratory acidosis; increased HCO3- (metabolic alkalosis)

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15
Q

If you have a decreased in HCO3- you have a _______________ and would compensate by?

A

Metabolic acidosis; decreasing PCO2 (metabolic alkalosis)

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16
Q

If you have decreased pCO2 you have a ____________ and would compensate by?

A

Respiratory alkalosis; decrease HCO3- (metabolic acidosis)

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17
Q

If you have increased HCO3- you have a _______________ and would compensate by??

A

Metabolic alkalosis; increase pCO2 (respiratory acidosis)

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18
Q

What leads to a respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation

  • anesthesia
  • diffuse pulmonary disease
  • intra-thoracic lesions
  • CNS disease
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19
Q

What leads to respiratory alkalosis ?

A

Hyperventilation

  • hypoxemia
  • pain/anxiety
  • hyperthermia
  • drugs stimulating respiratory center
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20
Q

What two mechanisms can result in a metabolic acidosis?

A

Increase ACID

Loss of BASE (bicarb)

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21
Q

Metabolic acidosis with high anion-gap, what is the cause?

A

Increase in non-volatile acids (KLUE)

Ketone
Lactate
Uremic acids
Ethylene glycol (toxins)

22
Q

Where is BICARB lost, leading to acidosis?

A

GI -diarrhea
Intestinal ileus
Salivation (ruminants)- choke
Urinary loss

23
Q

What is the long term compensation for metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased renal excretion of H+

24
Q

What are the two mechanisms that result in a metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increase in BASE

loss of ACID

25
Q

What are causes of a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in monogastric animals?

A

Severe gastric vomiting

Pyloric outflow obstruction

26
Q

What are causes of a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in ruminants?

A

Sequestration of fluid in abomasum

  • ileus
  • abomasal displacement
27
Q

What are causes of excessive renal loss of H+?

A

Diuretics

Hypokalemia
-stimulate H+K+ATPase pump-> K+retention and H+secretion -> HCO3- generation

Chronic respiratory acidosis

28
Q

What is the long term compensation for a metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased renal retention of H+

29
Q

When should you look for mixed acid-base disturbances?

A

Animal with electrolyte disturbances

Animal with a disease associated with acid-base disturbance, but has normal blood gas values

Compensatory response is moving in wrong direction

30
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.1 L
PCO2 (28-50) 52 H
HCO3 (16-23) 20

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Respiratory acidosis

31
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.42 H
PCO2 (28-50) 30
HCO3 (16-23) 28 H

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.43 H
PCO2 (28-50) 22 L
HCO3 (16-23) 20

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Respiratory alkalosis

33
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.18 L
PCO2 (28-50) 45
HCO3 (16-23) 12 L

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Metabolic acidosis

34
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.17 L
PCO2 (28-50) 25 L
HCO3 (16-23) 10 L

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Metabolic acidosis

35
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.17 L
PCO2 (28-50) 25 L
HCO3 (16-23) 10 L

Classify the compensatory acid base disorder

A

Respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation)

36
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.48 H
PCO2 (28-50) 58 H
HCO3 (16-23) 30 H

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Metabolic alkalosis

37
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.48 H
PCO2 (28-50)58 H
HCO3 (16-23) 30 H

Classify the compensatory acid base disorder

A 
Respiratory acidosis 
(Hypoventilation)
38
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.14 L
PCO2 (28-50) 56 H
HCO3 (16-23) 10 L

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Respiratory acidosis AND metabolic acidosis

Mixed acid-base disorder

39
Q

PH (7.20-7.40) 7.44 H
PCO2 (28-50) 22 L
HCO3 (16-23) 10 L

Classify the primary acid base disorder

A

Respiratory alkalosis

40
Q

How should you evaluate acid-base disturbances on a chemistry?

A
  1. TCO2 (bicarb)
    - > high- selective chloride loss
    - > low - acidosis, check anion gap
  2. Anion cap
    - > increase - metabolic acidosis (KLUE)
  3. Selective chloride loss
    - > yes - metabolic alkalosis
41
Q 
Na (148-157) 161 H
K   (3.5-5.1)    4.4
Cl. (115-128). 113 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 30 H 
AG. (15-25).   19

Based on TCO2, what A/B disorder is present?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

42
Q 
Na (148-157) 161 H
K   (3.5-5.1)    4.4
Cl. (115-128). 113 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 30 H 
AG. (15-25).   19

Is there selective chloride loss?

43
Q 
Na (148-157) 161 H
K   (3.5-5.1)    4.4
Cl. (115-128). 113 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 30 H 
AG. (15-25).   19

Based on AG, this there a titrational metabolic acidosis?

44
Q 
Na (148-157) 161 H
K   (3.5-5.1)    4.4
Cl. (115-128). 113 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 30 H 
AG. (15-25).   19

What acid-base disturbance is this?

A

Metabolic alkalosis due to selective chloride loss

45
Q 
Na (148-157) 134 L
K   (3.5-5.1)    5.0
Cl. (115-128). 95 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L 
AG. (15-25).   37

Based on TCO2, what A/B disorder is present?

A

Metabolic acidosis

46
Q 
Na (148-157) 134 L
K   (3.5-5.1)    5.0
Cl. (115-128). 95 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L 
AG. (15-25).   37

Is there selective chloride loss?

47
Q 
Na (148-157) 134 L
K   (3.5-5.1)    5.0
Cl. (115-128). 95 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L 
AG. (15-25).   37

Based on the AG, is there a titrational metabolic acidosis?

48
Q 
Na (148-157) 134 L
K   (3.5-5.1)    5.0
Cl. (115-128). 95 L 
TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L 
AG. (15-25).   37

What acid-base disturbances are present ?

A

Metabolic acidosis use to increased anion gap
AND
Metabolic alkalosis due to selective chloride loss

49
Q

Which clinical sign may be associated with metabolic alkalosis ?

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation

50
Q

Which clinical sign may be associated with metabolic acidosis ?

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation

51
Q

Which clinical sign may be associated with respiratory alkalosis ?

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation

A

Hyperventilation

52
Q

Which clinical sign may be associated with respiratory acidosis ?

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation

A

Hypoventilation

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (18 decks)

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