Erythrocyte Morphology Flashcards
What does it mean to have a macrocyctic anemia?
Regeneration -> immature cells
Mean volume of the cells is greater than the reference value
What does it mean to have a microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency
Red cells undergo more divisions than normal
Hypochromasia is associated with??
Iron deficiency anemia
Polychromasia is associated with ???
Recticulocytes - immature RBC
Regeneration
If you have polychromatic cells, anemia is most likely due to??
Blood loss or blood destruction
Rectics= recovering marrow
What are the speculated types of RBC?
Acanothocytes
Echinocytes
Keratocytes
A RBC with numberous short spices that are all about the same length are called?
Echinocytes
What are echinocytes associated with in Vivo?
Electrolyte imbalances
Non-specific disease (eg kidney disease)
Rattle snake envenomation
RBCs that have a few unevenly distributed projections are called??
Acanothcytes
Due to changes in lipid concentration in RBC membrane
What are acanthocytes associated with?
Cat- hepatic lipidosis
Dog- hemangiosarcoma
Human- liver disease
Erythrocytes are AKA
Schistocytes
What are schistocytes associated with?
Intravascular trauma (eg DIC or vascular tumors)
Iron deficiency anemia
RBCS that have an vacuole or one/two long spicules
Keratocytes
Keratocytes are associated with what disease
Iron deficiency anemia
RBC that lacks a central pallor but has a normal volume is called? And is suggestive of what disese?
Spherocytes
Immune mediated hemolytic anemia
RBCs that have a off-centered clear zone that is due to the shifting of hemoglobin to one side of the cell
Eccentrocytes
Presence of eccentrocytes is associated with??
Oxidative damage
Eg onion ingestion
Often seen with heniz body formation
What are “bowl” shaped cells called?
Leptocytes
What are “target” shaped cells called?
Codocytes
What type of cells are most common in high cholesterol or hypothyroid patients?
Codocytes (target cells)
RBCs that have a mouth like clear area in the center are called___________
Stomatocytes
What are stomatocytes associated with??
Hereditary stomatocytoiss
- Alaskan malamutes-> dwarfism
- Minature schnauzers -> not clinically sig
- Drentse parttrijshond -> GI tract abnormality
What is a heinz body?
Oxidatively denatured hemoglobin
What are causes of Heinz bodies in cats?
Aceptominphen
Propylene glycol
Illness- lymphoma, hyperthyroid , diabetes
Onion
What are causes of Heinz bodies in horses
Phenothiazine
Whilted red maple leaves
What are causes of Heinz body anemia in cattle
Kale or onion
Cause of Heinz body anemia in sheep
Copper toxicosis
What do you call an abnormal aggregation of ribosomes that appear as small basophilic granules?
Basophilic stippling
T/F: basophilic stippling is normal in ruminants?
True
If you see basophilic stippling in small animals you should concider??
Lead poisoning
A large amount of Howell-Jolly bodies in a blood smear could be caused by ___________, but a few are normally seen in regenerative anemias or following splenectomy
Lead poisoning
What is the erythroid maturation sequence?
Rubriblast > prorubricyte > rubricyte > metarubrictye > recticulocytes (polychromatophils) > mature RBC
What are RBC parasites of dogs and cats?
Mycoplasma hemofelis
Cytauxzoon felis
Mycoplasma hemocanis
Babesia canis and gibsoni
What RBC parasite of dog, is usually rare and more commonly seen in spleneconmized or non-functional spleens
Mycoplasma hemocanis
What RBC parasite of cattle is usually seen between RBC because they fall off the cells easily in a blood smear
Mycoplasma wenyoni
Tick borne RBC parasite of cattle
Anaplasma marginale
Light areas in RBC of dogs
Distemper viral inclusions
Rouleaux formation in normal in what animals sp? In other animals it suggests what?
Horse -> normal
Small animal –> increased globulin
What is agglutination suggestive of?
Attachments to RBC (eg IMHA)
