Non-metals and their Compounds Flashcards
What are the commercial methods of hydrogen production?
Hydrogen is commercially produced from water gas and by cracking petroleum fractions.
How is hydrogen prepared in the laboratory?
Hydrogen can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting a metal like zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid or by electrolysis of water.
What are the uses of hydrogen?
Hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia, hydrogenation of fats and oils, as a reducing agent, and as a fuel in rockets.
What are the key properties of hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas that burns with a pale blue flame, forming water.
What is the test for hydrogen?
Hydrogen gas pops with a ‘squeaky pop’ sound when a lit splint is brought near it.
How is chlorine prepared in the laboratory?
Chlorine can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with potassium permanganate.
How is chlorine produced industrially?
Chlorine is produced industrially by the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution).
How is hydrochloric acid prepared?
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water.
What are the uses of chlorine?
Chlorine is used for water sterilization, bleaching, manufacturing hydrochloric acid, plastics, and insecticides.
What are the properties of chlorine?
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with a pungent odor, and it is highly reactive, especially with metals and organic compounds.
How is oxygen prepared in the laboratory?
Oxygen can be prepared by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or potassium chlorate in the presence of a catalyst like manganese dioxide.
What is the test for chlorides?
Chlorides can be tested by adding silver nitrate solution, which forms a white precipitate of silver chloride that is soluble in ammonia.
How is oxygen produced commercially?
Oxygen is produced commercially from liquid air by fractional distillation
What are the different types of oxides?
Oxides can be acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral.
What is the significance of ozone in the atmosphere?
Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting living organisms on Earth.
What are the allotropes of sulfur?
The allotropes of sulfur include rhombic sulfur and monoclinic sulfur.
How is sulfur dioxide (SO₂) prepared?
Sulfur dioxide is prepared by burning sulfur in air or by the reaction of sulfite salts with acids.
What are the properties of sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent smell and is a reducing agent.
What are the uses of sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide is used in the production of sulfuric acid, as a preservative, and as a bleaching agent.
What is the Contact Process?
The Contact Process is the industrial method for producing sulfuric acid by the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide, followed by absorption in water.
What are the properties of hydrogen sulfide?
Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas with a rotten egg smell, and it is a weak acid and a strong reducing agent.
