Metals and their compounds Flashcards
What are the general properties of metals?
Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, have high melting and boiling points, are malleable, ductile, and have a shiny appearance (metallic luster).
How is sodium hydroxide produced?
Sodium hydroxide is produced by the electrolysis of brine (concentrated sodium chloride solution)
What are the uses of sodium hydroxide?
Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap, paper, and synthetic fibers, and in the precipitation of metallic hydroxides.
What is the action of sodium hydroxide on aluminum, zinc, and lead ions?
Sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminum, zinc, and lead ions to form their respective hydroxides, which are insoluble in water and precipitate out of solution.
How is sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) produced?
Sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) is produced by the Solvay process, which involves the reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
What are the uses of sodium trioxocarbonate (IV)?
Sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) is used in the manufacture of glass, detergents, and as a water softener.
What is the economic importance of seawater?
Seawater is an important source of sodium chloride, magnesium, and other minerals.
How is sodium chloride recovered from seawater?
Sodium chloride is recovered from seawater by evaporating the water, leaving behind the salt.
How is calcium oxide prepared from seashells?
Calcium oxide is prepared by heating seashells (calcium carbonate) in a kiln, which decomposes them into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
What are the uses of calcium oxide?
Calcium oxide is used in the manufacture of cement, as a flux in steelmaking, and in the treatment of acidic soils.
What is the test for calcium ions (Ca²⁺)?
Calcium ions can be tested by adding ammonium oxalate, which forms a white precipitate of calcium oxalate.
What is the chemical composition of cement?
Cement is composed of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide.
How is bauxite purified?
Bauxite is purified by the Bayer process, which involves treating it with sodium hydroxide to dissolve the aluminum oxide, leaving behind impurities.
How is aluminum extracted electrolytically?
A: Aluminum is extracted by the electrolysis of molten alumina (aluminum oxide) dissolved in cryolite.
What are the uses of aluminum?
Aluminum is used in the manufacture of aircraft, kitchen utensils, electrical cables, and packaging materials.
What is the test for aluminum ions (Al³⁺)?
Aluminum ions can be tested by adding sodium hydroxide, which forms a white precipitate of aluminum hydroxide that dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide to form a clear solution.
How is tin extracted from its ores?
Tin is extracted from its ores by roasting the ore to remove sulfur, followed by smelting in a furnace with carbon.
What are the uses of tin?
Tin is used in the manufacture of tinplate for food containers, in soldering, and in alloys such as bronze.
What are the characteristic properties of the first transition series metals?
The first transition series metals have variable oxidation states, form colored compounds, can form complex ions, and often act as catalysts.
What is the significance of the electron configuration of transition metals?
The electron configuration of transition metals allows them to have variable oxidation states and form various types of chemical bonds.
How is iron extracted from its ores?
Iron is extracted from its ores by heating with carbon in a blast furnace, where iron oxide is reduced to iron.
What is the role of transition metals in catalysis?
Transition metals can act as catalysts due to their ability to change oxidation states and provide a surface for reactions to occur.
What are the different forms of iron?
The different forms of iron include cast iron, wrought iron, and steel, each with varying amounts of carbon and different properties.
What is the test for iron(III) ions (Fe³⁺)?
Iron(III) ions can be tested by adding potassium thiocyanate, which forms a blood-red solution.
What is the test for iron(II) ions (Fe²⁺)?
Iron(II) ions can be tested by adding potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), which forms a pale blue precipitate.
How is copper extracted from its ores?
Copper is extracted from its ores by roasting the ore to convert sulfides to oxides, followed by reduction with carbon or electrolysis
How is copper(II) tetraoxosulphate(VI) prepared?
Copper(II) tetraoxosulphate(VI) (CuSO₄) is prepared by reacting copper oxide with sulfuric acid.
What are the uses of copper?
Copper is used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and the manufacture of alloys like bronze and brass.
What is the test for copper(II) ions (Cu²⁺)?
Copper(II) ions can be tested by adding sodium hydroxide, which forms a blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide.
What are the constituents and uses of steel?
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, used in construction, tools, and machinery.
What are the constituents and uses of stainless steel?
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and nickel, used in cutlery, kitchenware, and medical instruments.
What are the constituents and uses of brass?
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, used in musical instruments, plumbing, and decorative items.
What are the constituents and uses of bronze?
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, used in sculptures, medals, and bearings.
What are the constituents and uses of duralumin?
Duralumin is an alloy of aluminum, copper, manganese, and magnesium, used in aircraft construction.
What are the properties and uses of alloys compared to pure metals?
Alloys generally have improved strength, corrosion resistance, and hardness compared to pure metals, making them more suitable for specific applications.
