Non - Lung Cancer Thoracic Surgery In The Lung COPY COPY Flashcards
What are the causes of Lung Abscess?
Aspiration of foreign body
Pneumonia
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Lung Cancer
Septic emboli
What eventually fills the space of a lung abscess?
Granulation tissue - collagen
What is the cause of foul smelling pus?
Anaerobic bacteria
How can pancreatitis cause pneumonia?
Causes compression of the lung
What imaging technique is useful for finding pus in the body?
CT
What are the causes of empyema thoracis? (1-5)
- Post pneumonic
- Complication of surgery
- Blood clot causing pulmonary infarction
- Bronchiectasis
- Upper abdominal related
What are the causes of empyema thoracis? (6-10)
- Serious injury to chest (trauma)
- Infection elsewhere, spread by blood (osteomyelitis)
- Tuberculosis
- Endoscopy (empyema rare complication)
- infection caused by inhaled food
What is pleurectomy?
part of pleura is removed
helps to prevent fluid from collecting in affected area
What are examples of benign lung tumours?
Hamartoma
Fibroma
Lipoma
Papillomas
Chondroma
Carcinoid
Neural tumours
What is meant by tension pneumothorax?
Progressive build-up of air within the pleural space
lung laceration allows air into pleural space but not return
Define haemopneumothorax
combination of pneumothorax and hemothorax or blood in chest cavity
can occur if chest wall is punctured
What are pulmonary blebs?
small sub-pleural thin walled air containing spaces
walls are less than 1 mm thick
If they rupture, they allow air to escape into pleural space resulting in a spontaneous pneumothorax
What is the difference between a bleb and a bullae?
Bleb - less than 2cm
Bullae - bigger then 2cm
What are the indications for surgery in pneumothorax?
Recurrence
Persistence
Sometimes after one episode
What are the possible surgeries for pneumothorax?
- Pleurodesis
- Pleurectomy
What is pleurodesis?
Reattachment of lung to chest wall
Can either be chemical or surgical
Chemical - Chemicals such as bleomycin, tetracyline or a slurry of talc can be introduced into the pleural space through a chest drain. The instilled chemicals cause irritation between the parietal and the visceral layers of the pleura which closes off the space between them and prevents further fluid from accumulating.
Surgical - Irritating the parietal pleura with a rough pad. Tunneled pleural catheters are also used to remove pleural fluid. Routine evacuation keeps the pleura together, resulting in physical agitation by the catheter, which slowly causes the pleura to scar together.
When are lung transplants commonly seen?
Cystic fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Emphysema
What is the mortality rate for lung transplantation?
- Single lung transplantation mortality 5-10%.
- Double lung transplantation mortality 10-20%.
