Covid Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Covid

A

SARS CoV 2
Infects humans and bats

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2
Q

What is the structure of Coronavirus

A

Spike protein on viral surface binds to ACE2 receptor in respiratory system

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3
Q

Define the term epidemic

A

Sudden increase in number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in the particular population

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4
Q

What is a pandemic

A

An epidemic that becomes widespread over a number of countries

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5
Q

What is an endemic

A

Disease that is consistently present but limited to a particular region

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6
Q

How is Covid transmitted

A
  • Cough
  • Sneeze
  • Aerosol generating procedures
  • Vertical transmission
  • Touch- fomites
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7
Q

How long does Covid infection last

A

Intubation period 1-14 days
Median 5-6 days

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8
Q

Describe the process of Covid infection 1

A
  1. Viral entry and early infection causes localised inflammation
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9
Q

Describe the process of Covid infection 2

A
  1. Host immune response - macrophages/dendritic cells + CD8 T cells
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10
Q

Describe the process of Covid infection 3

A
  1. Hyper-inflammatory phase – virus infects macrophages and T cells
    Releases pro-inflammatory cytokines
    Cytokine storm causes SOB in lungs
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11
Q

Describe the process of Covid infection 4

A
  1. Multiorgan dysfunction - spread to other organs via direct infection or mass inflammatory process
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12
Q

Who is at risk from covid

A
  • Elderly
  • Immunocompromised
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of COVID

A
  • Rhinorrhoea
  • General malaise
  • Headache
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Fever

(Rhinorrhoea - clear thin nasal discharge)

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14
Q

What are the complications from covid

A
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Patchy lungs filled with fluid (decreases surface area)
  • Extrapulmonary symptoms
  • Thrombosis
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15
Q

What were the tests for covid

A

Viral PCR- nasopharyngeal swab

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16
Q

What were the vaccines for Covid

A

Pfizer/BioNTech - mRNA
Moderna - mRNA
AstraZeneca - attenuated virus

17
Q

What are the treatments for COVID

A
  • Antipyretic (Paracetamol)
  • Steroids (dexamethasone/prednisolone)
  • More specialist therapy
  • Supportive therapy- O2 + fluids
18
Q

What is herd immunity

A

When a portion of a population becomes immune to a disease (covid), it reduces the risk of transmission to the unvaccinated

19
Q

What are the different types of O2 therapy

A