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MY Bacteriology exam 2 > Non invasive Clostridium > Flashcards

Non invasive Clostridium Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: Non invasive clostridia cause lesions in the GI tract

A

False

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2
Q

Non invasive clostridia produce disease strictly through _____

A

neurotoxins

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3
Q

Botulinum toxin and tetanus block _____ release

A

neurotranmitter

botulism blocks Ach

Tetanus blocks GABA

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4
Q

Botulism is characterized by _____ paralysis

A

flacid

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5
Q

True/ False: Botulism is seen mainly in rumiants, horses, mink, fowl and swine

A

False- swine are rarely affected

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6
Q

Botulinum neurotoxins are _____ endopeptidases that bind to cholinergic nerve cells and decrease the release of acetylcholine

A

zinc

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7
Q

While the spore is normally very heat resistant, what can be added to food to suppress the germination of the spore in foods?

A

salt, nitrates

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8
Q

What are the reservoirs of non invasive clostridium?

A

soil and aquatic sediments

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9
Q

What is the most common route of transmission of botulism?

A

toxin ingestion

*toxin is present when food is contaminated with cadavers of animals

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10
Q

Pathogenesis of botulism

A
  1. toxin is ingested and circulates in blood stream
  2. goes to neuromuscular junction and inhibits release of acetylcholine
  3. muscle is not able to contract
  4. animal cannot breathe - death due to respiratory failure
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11
Q

Clinical signs of botulism include:

A

musclular incoordination - recumbancy

extrusion of tongue

*no change in consciousness

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12
Q

What types of botulism are predominant in animals?

A

Types C and D

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13
Q

True/False: dead cat or rodent in feed can be source of outbreak of botulism

A

True

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14
Q

What is the initial clinical sign of botulism in birds?

A

limberneck

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15
Q

Type ____ bolulinum is linked to phosphorous diet deficeincies

A

D

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16
Q

Type ____ Botulinum is caused in cattle and mules and causes shaker foal syndrome

A

B

17
Q

infant botulinum leads to what syndrome

A

Floppy baby syndrome

18
Q

What is the only accepted method of confirmation of botulsim?

A

Toxin is extracted from material and injected into guinea pig or mice

19
Q

True/False: Botulin can be grown on egg yolk and blood agar

A

True

20
Q

What is the best treatment of Botulism

A

evacuate the stomach- remove stomach contents

antitoxin treatment

21
Q

What is the main vaccine for Botulism?

A

toxoids

22
Q

_____ is a neuroparalytic that is characterized by tonic-clonic convulsions

A

tetanus

23
Q

How do animals get tetanus?

A

inoculation of a traumatic wound with spores

24
Q

True/False: All mammals are susceptible to tetanus but horses are highly resistant

A

False: Poultry is highly resistant

25
Q

tetanus toxin is a ____ endopeptidase that binds to the neurons and inhibits the GABA

A

zinc

26
Q

Tetanus is characterized by muscle that is constantly _____

A

contracted

27
Q

Tetanus is antigenically ____ meaning that no mater what toxin you use for the vaccine there will be cross immunity

A

uniform

28
Q

Tetanus leads to ____paralysis

A

spastic

29
Q

ascending tetanus is typical of animals that _____ highly susceptible

A

ARE NOT

*ascending tetanus does not cause complete spastic paralysis, only localized to certain areas

30
Q

descending tetanus is typical in ______ species

A

highly suscpetible

*in descending tetanus the toxin enters the CNS and produces generalized tetanus

31
Q

True/False: mortality is 5% for tetanus

A

False: at least 50% mortality and highest in young animals

32
Q

Clinical signs for tetantus include:

A

stiffness, muscle tremor, grinding of teeth, lockjaw, stiffness of tail ect.

33
Q

True/ False: animals with tetanus are not conscious

A

False: consciousness persists

34
Q

What is the main cause of death in tetanus?

A

respiratory arrest

35
Q

True/False: Carnivores are not as susceptible as horses or ruminants

A

True

normally only ascending tetanus

36
Q

What is the best way to prevent tetanus?

A

toxoid vaccine

37
Q

True/False: Survivors are susceptible to reinfection with tetanus

A

true

38
Q

What appearance does Tetanus have under a microscope?

A

drumstick type bacteria

39
Q

What is the best treatment for tetanus?

A

neutralization of the ciruclation toxin

wound care

MY Bacteriology exam 2 (18 decks)

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