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MY Bacteriology exam 2 > Filamentous Bacteria > Flashcards

Filamentous Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: Filamentous bacteria is a group of different generas of bacteria at some point in the growth they form a filamentous form

A

True

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2
Q

What are the most important generas of filamentous bacteria?

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Dermatophilus

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3
Q

All the filamentous bacteria are gram ______

A

positive

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4
Q

True/False: Nocardia is anaerobic, gram positive and saprophytic

A

False: Nocardia is aerobic

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5
Q

Nocardia are _____ acid- fast

A

partially

*They can show up as both acid fast positive or negative

*some mycolic acids of nocardia are simple while other are more complex

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6
Q

What kind of exudate does Nocardia produce?

A

suppurative and pyogranulomatous

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7
Q

Which species of nocardia is the most common?

A

Nocardia asteroides

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8
Q

True/False: Nocardia is mainly opportunistic

A

True

immunosuppressed individuals are more at risk

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9
Q

What immune response is needed agasint Nocardia?

A

Cell mediated

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10
Q

What is the reservoir for nocardia and how is it transmitted?

A

soil and water

transmitted via inhalation, trauma, and ingestion

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11
Q

True/False: nocardia can cause mastitis

A

True

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12
Q

Nocardia creates a suppurative process with variable ______ features

A

granulomatous

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13
Q

Lymph nodes are usually ______ in Nocardia infections

A

enlarged

*LYMPH NODES ARE CONSISTENTLY INVOVLED WITH NOCARDIA

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14
Q

Nocardia has exudates with blood, pus and _____ like granules

A

sulfur

*Sulfur granules are more common in actinomyces

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15
Q

Nocardia is one of the causative agents for ______ farcy

A

bovine

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16
Q

True/False: Nocardia can cause pneumonia, abortion, and lymphadenitis

A

True

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17
Q

What are the features of Bovine farcy?

A

Placenta covered with multiple foci

multiple lesions in the lung

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18
Q

Nocardia is most susceptible for _______horses, swine, dog and cats

A

immunosuppressed

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19
Q

Nocardia causes important mortality events in what species?

A

dogs and cats

50% case fatality

20
Q

Nocardia is the causative agent of what disease in the jaw?

A

Mandibular osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw)

21
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

sulfur granules

*colonies of bacteria within the mandible

22
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis from Nocardia give a ______-like appearance to the mandible

A

honeycomb

23
Q

True/False: Nocardia is morphologically indistinguishable from actinomyces

A

True

24
Q

What agar can you grow Nocardia on?

A

Sabouraud’s and blood agar

*Nocardia looks similar to fungi when it grows

25
Q

Ture/False: Nocardia are falcultative aerobes

A

False

Nocardia are OBLIGATE aerobes

26
Q

What is the most recommended drug for nocardosis treatment?

A

Trimethoprim- sulfonamide

27
Q

True/False: Actinomyces is found as part of the normal flora of the mouth, GI tract, and urogenital tract and cause endogenous infections

A

True

28
Q

One virulence factor of Actinomyces is ______ which cleaves sialic acid and open up receptors for the bacteria to bind to

A

Sialidase

29
Q

Is Actinomyces acid fast positive?

A

NO

ACID FAST NEGATIVE- They do not contain mycolic acid

30
Q

What kind of reactions do Actinomyces evoke?

A

Pyogranulomatous

31
Q

What is the difference between the pathogenesis of Nocardiosis and Actinomyces?

A

Actinomyces has little tendency for vascular dissemination!

32
Q

Actinomyces pathogenesis

A
  1. trauma opens the door for endogenous bacteria to colonize
  2. pyogranulomatose lesions evoking an intense response
  3. osteomyelitis is initiated
  4. replacement with porous bone, dislodgement of teeth, inability to chew
33
Q

True/False: Only Nocardia causes lumpy jaw

A

False

*Both Nocardia and Actinomyces cause lumpy jaw

34
Q

True/False: It is more common to see lymph node involvement in Nocardia than Actinomyces

A

True

35
Q

What species of animal is more common to get lymph node invovlment by Actinomyces

A

Horses

*Common to see infections in cervical lymph nodes in horses with Acintomyces

36
Q

How can dogs and cats transmit Actinomyces?

A

Bites

37
Q

True/False: In Actinomyces, there could be antibodies but the main immune response that is protective is the cell mediated response

A

True

38
Q

_______granules are VERY common with Actinomyces infections

A

Sulfur

*look like pepple lesions coming out of the wound

39
Q

True/False: Actinomyces are obligate anaerobes

A

False

Facultative anaerobes

40
Q

Actinomyces requires _____ in the agar to grow

A

serum or blood

41
Q

What can be used as a treatment for Lumpy jaw?

A

Iodine

42
Q

True/False: Dermatophilus congolensis is mainly found in the tropical areas and can cause severe economic losses

A

True

43
Q

Dermatophilus is associated with warm weather, wet weather and _____

A

ticks!

44
Q

Dermatophilus causes a _____epidermitis in livestock

A

exudative

45
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis forms coccoid forming _____filaments

A

branching

46
Q

What is the best treatment for Dermatophilus?

A

if the animal is removed from the rain it will most likely recover

reduce the tick population

PREVENTION is key!

MY Bacteriology exam 2 (18 decks)

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