Non infectious disease: Cardio

Question 1

What is epidemiological analysis?

Answer 1

• Concerned with disease rates and burden of disease in populations (numerator/denominator)
  Trends look at time, person and place

Question 2

What are global patterns in CHD?

Answer 2

• More common in developed world
• CHD and stroke rank first and second among cause specific mortality worldwide
• Because of epidemiological transitions and demographic changes disease burden likely to increase
• Gap between male and female incidence shrinking in some countries
• Low in Japan, increasing in UK and other western countries, high in ex - communist countries and Middle East

Question 3

What are the main risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

1. High blood pressure
   
   2. Tobacco smoking
   3. High BMI
   4. Serum cholesterol levels

Question 4

Why would CHD be decreasing?

Answer 4

• Smoking decreasing
• Serum cholesterol decreasing because treatment
• BP decreasing
• Percentage of excess relative risk of CVD remaining over time after exposure to risk factor has reduced