Neglected tropical diseases

Question 1

What are popular drugs for NTDs and the diseases they treat?

Answer 1

• Praziquantel - Schistosomiasisand tapeworms
• Albendazole - Helminths + Lymphatic filariasis
• Mectizan (Ivermectin) - Onchocerciasis + Lymphatic filiarisis

Zithromax

Question 2

What are the kingdoms of infection and examples

Answer 2

Viral infections–dengue fever, rabies

Protozoan infections–leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, chagas disease

Bacterial infections–leprosy, buruli ulcer, trachoma, endemic treponematoses

Helminth infections–schistosomiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, dracunculiasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis

Fungal infections–mycetoma, paracoccidiomycosis

Ectoparasitic infections–scabies, myiasis, tungiasis

Question 3

How is schistosomiasis transmitted?

Answer 3

○ Worm
○ Intermediate host is snails

○ Eggs rupture capillary tubes

○ Blood in urine, bladder and liver fibrosis, high BP and death from bleeding

○ Prevent by treatment, snail control, sanitation and improved water supplies

Question 4

How is onchoceriasis transmitted

Answer 4

Blackfly

○ Worm lives in nodules under skin

Question 5

How is leishmaniasis transmitted?

Answer 5

Mosquito

○ Effective treatment is regular washing with soap

Question 6

How is trypanosomiasis transmitted?

Answer 6

○ Dermal: superating wound at site of bite

○ Visceral: leads to fever, weight loss, enlarged spleen and liver

○ Transmitted by sandflies

Question 7

What are soil transmitted Helsmiths

Answer 7

• Ascariasis
• Trichuriasis
• Hookworm

Question 8

When is mass drug administriation possible?

Answer 8

• Drug is safe and effective
• Inexpensive or donated
• Diagnosis is difficult, inaccurate or expensive

Question 9

How would one go about mass drug administration?

Answer 9

1. Test sample of population

2. Depending on level of infection offer MDA to either full population or sample

Question 10

which neglected tropical disease with the highest prevalence in Africa.

Answer 10

hookworm

Question 11

what is drug donated by Pfizer which is mainly used to combat trachoma.

Answer 11

Zithromax (azithromycin

Question 12

what is the pharmaceutical company which has vowed to ‘donate albendazole to WHO for every country that needs it until LF is eliminated as a public health problem’.

Answer 12

GlaxoSmithKline

Question 13

What do NTD include

Answer 13

intestinal worms (hookworm and ascaris)
schistosomiasis
river blindness
elephantiasis
leprosy
trachoma
sleeping sickness