Non infectious disease: Cancer Flashcards
What is epidemiology?
- ability to quantify occurrence of disease in population
What are epidemiological patterns?
- rising and declining rates within countries or large differences across countries which lessen/disappear with migration
What are the leading causes of death worldwide:
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Stroke
- COPD
- Lower Respiratory Tract infections
- Lung cancer
- HIV/Aids
- Diarrhoea
- Road injury
- Diabetes
- Tuberculosis
What is the current epidemiological transition?
- long term shift in mortality and disease patterns whereby increase role of NCDs
- Decline total mortality
- Significant reduction in infectious and deficiency diseases
- Accompanies socio-demographic and health system changes in poorer countries
- Continuous transition of some diseases disappearing and others reemerging
What diseases have increased?
- Inc. Lung cancer, heart disease, liver cancer
- Injuries prevalent in young men
- In older people most deaths from non communicable diseases
- Shift from heart disease to stroke
What disease have decreased?
- Decrease in stomach cancer
- TB, malaria, measles down
How many deaths does cancer cause on average
25%
What are the most commonly diagnosed cancer (countries with high human devlopment index)?
- Breast
- Colorectal
- Lung
What are the most commonly diagnosed cancer (countries with low human devlopment index)?
- Breast
- Cervix uteri
- Prostate
What are the Cancers most responsible for death?
- Lung
- Liver
- Stomach
What are the leading cancers in Males?
- Lung
- Prostate
- Colorectal
What are the leading cancers in females?
- Breast
- Colorectal
- Lung
What are the major causes of death from cancer females in different continents?
America: Lungs
Africa: Cervix
Asia: Lung
What are the major causes of death from cancer males in different continents?
Americas: Prostate
Africa: Prostate
Europe: Prostate
Asia: Lung
What are the general trends in cancer epidemiology
- Decrease in age specific cancer
- Some more common because relevant exposure, diagnosis, treatment and screening
- Current cancer rates affected by changes in exposure of past
- Decline in stomach cancer
- Rise then fall of lung cancer
- People in Europe and America higher suvival rate
- Most people die of cancer in Asia (relative to number of cases )
- Cancer burden shifting to less developed countries
