AIDS and some definitions

Question 1

How many people are infected with AIDS for every person put on treatment

Answer 1

5

Question 2

What is the epidemiological trend in AIDS?

Answer 2

• Decline in HIV prevalence in pregnant women

Question 3

How is AIDS prevented?

Answer 3

• Safer sex
  
  • Safer injection practices
  • Condom use
  • Male circumcision

Question 4

How is hypothesis testing conducted?

Answer 4

case control study

Question 5

What is case clustering?

Answer 5

factor related among case

Question 6

What is prevalence?

Answer 6

frequency of disease in a particular population at a point in time

- Number of cases/number of people in population
- Measures disease burden 
- Compare burden between chronic disease 
- Useful for planning

Question 7

What is incidence?

Answer 7

number of new infection within specific time interval

• Probability of developing disease at a point in time
• Normally per year
• Influences policy makers in terms of public health policy

Question 8

What is mortality?

Answer 8

number of deaths from a disease in a given period of time/population at start of time period

- Incidence of ill health

Question 9

What is morbidity?

Answer 9

number of cases of ill health, complications, side effects attributed to a condition

- State of being diseases or unhealthy
- Morbidity scores assigned to ill patients

Question 10

What happens when mortality is equal to morbidity?

Answer 10

epidemic is stable

Question 11

What is the relationship between mortality and morbidity in AIDS?

Answer 11

• If more people alive with ART then mortality decreases (people more likely to transmit virus)
• Have to stop incidence to decrease prevalence
• With anti-retroviral therapy more people living with HIV so prevalence increasing because less people dying and exiting pool
• At the same time ART decrease risk of transmission (both mother-child and general) because decreases viral load in individual
• Undetectable = untransmittable

Question 12

What is the relationship between mortality and morbidity in rapidly fatal disease?

Answer 12

Ebola: mortality is rapid and high so large number of cases but prevalence low

Question 13

What is a case control study?

Answer 13

• Sets known outcomes and compare individuals with or without outcome to determine what connects them

Question 14

What is the design of a case control study to investigate mortality and mobility?

Answer 14

must be retrospective (start with outcome and trace back to investiagte exposure)

• Determine if exposure associated with outcome
  Why did it happen

Question 15

What are the advantages of a case control study?

Answer 15

quick, cheap, good for investigating infectious disease