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Microbiology > Non-Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

Non-Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

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1
Q

Non - fermenting gram negative bacilli general information

  • Aerobic or Anaerobic?
  • Where are they generally found?
  • Do they colonize?
A
  • Aerobic and non-spore forming
  • Ubiquitous in nature
  • Yes they colonize
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2
Q

Three major pathways where bacteria can metabolize glucose

A
  1. Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
  2. Entner-Douderoff Pathway
  3. Hexose Monophosphate Pathway
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3
Q

Two facts about Fermentation

A
  1. no oxygen required

2. End products are strong acids in large amounts

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4
Q

Two facts about Oxidation

A
  1. oxygen required

2. End products are weak acids in small amounts

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5
Q

4 primary criteria for identification of nonfermenters

A
  1. Lack of glucose fermentation
  2. Positive Cytochrome Oxidase Test
  3. MacConkey Agar (will be clear unless pigmented)
  4. Gram Stain Morphology
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6
Q

5 types of OF media

A
  1. Oxidative - Fementative
  2. 1% Carbohydrate
  3. 0.2% Peptone
  4. 0.3% Agar
  5. Brom-Thymol Blue
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7
Q

Brom-Thymol Blue

- What color when its an acidic, basic, and neutral pH?

A 
acid = yellow 
alkaline = blue
neutral = green
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8
Q

Procedure for inoculation of OF media

A
  • requires 2 tubes
  • stab halfway down 3-4 times
  • layer one with mineral oil
  • incubate in ambient air incubator
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9
Q

Oxidizer/Saccharolytic media interpretations

- what color in what tube

A

Yellow in open tube, no change or blue in oiled tube

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10
Q

Non-oxidizer/Asaccharolytic media interpretations

- what color what tube?

A

no change or blue in both tubes

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11
Q

Fermenter media interpretations

- What color what tube?

A

yellow in both tubes, or yellow in oiled tube only

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12
Q

Other tests used for nonfermenter identification (what do they do?)

  • catalase
  • nitrate
  • aesculin
  • motility
A

catalase: add hydrogen peroxide and see if it bubbles
nitrate: test for NO3 to N2
* aesculin: black if it breaks down bile (positive); loss of florescence (positive)
motility: test for flagella or not

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13
Q

Other tests used for nonfermenter identification (what do they do?)

  • Salmonella-Shigells Agar
  • Cetrimide Agar
  • Litmus Milk
  • Gelatin
A

S-SA: help isolate organisms base on grow or no growth
CA: ?
Litmus Milk: measures enzymes that break down proteins (peptizing?); acid- red, alk-blue or purple
Gelatin: Looking for gelatinase

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14
Q

Other tests used for nonfermenter identification (what do they do?)

  • Fluorescent Agar
  • Technicolor Agar
A

Flo: promotes production or pyoverdin in nonfermenters (yellow, green)

Tech: promotes production of other pigments

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15
Q

Pigments produced by the technicolor agar (what color?)

  • pyocyanin
  • Pyorubin
  • Melanin
  • Carotenoids
  • Violacein
  • Phenazine
A
  • pyocyanin: blue
  • Pyorubin: red
  • Melanin: brown
  • Carotenoids: orange
  • Violacein: violet
  • Phenazine: yellow
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16
Q

Other tests used for nonfermenter identification (what’s its point?)
- Tryptone Glucose Yeast Extract Agar (TGY)

A

TGY: differentiate species by a determine range of temperatures; tests at 25, 35, and 42 degrees

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17
Q

Other tests used for nonfermenter identification (what are its parts and what do we use for indole? )
- KIA Series

A
  • Citrate
  • LOA’s
  • Indole: xylene extraction, Erhlich’s
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18
Q

Why do we use Erhlich for Indole

A

Nonfermenters grow slowly and produce little of everything

- the Erhlich procedure is more sensitive

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19
Q

Identification Kits

- 3 types of manual kits

A
  • API 20NE: bioMerieux
  • Crystal E/NF: Bection Dickinson
  • Rapid NF Plus: Remel
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20
Q

Identification Kits

- 3 types of automated

A
  • Vitek-GN Card: bioMerieux
  • MicroScan: Dade MicroScan Inc.
  • Phoenix: Becton Dickinson
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21
Q

Most common nonfermenter in clinical lab

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

22
Q

Where is Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly found?

A

Ubiquitous but found in aqueous solutions

  • Disinfectants
  • Soaps
  • Eyedrops
  • Dialysis Fluids, nebulizers, catheters
23
Q

9 infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  1. Bacteremia
    - Endocarditis
    - Pulmonary
    - Ear
    - Burns
    - Urinary Tract
    - Gastroenteritis
    - Eye
    - Folliculitis
24
Q

Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • Pili
  • Capsules: alginate (slimy)
  • Exotoxins
  • Endotoxins
25
Q

Exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Protease, hemolysin, lecithinase, elastase, and DNase

26
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows on what agar? What do they look like?

A

can have fuzzy edges, metallic, slimy in cystic fibrosis patients

  • SBA
  • Choc
  • MAC
27
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa pigment production

A
  • pyocyanin, pyoverdin, pyorubin, melanin
28
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Oxidase reaction

A

positive

29
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- What temp does it grow at?

A

42 degrees

30
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Reaction on KIA slant

A

Alk/Alk (K/K)

31
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- OF glucose reaction

A

oxidizer

32
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- odor?

A
  • grape-like
33
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa must be differentiated from what other bacteria? And how?

A

Pseudomonas flourescens/putida

- no growth at 42 degrees

34
Q

Second most common nonfermenter

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

35
Q

Acinetobacter species

- Gram stain morphology

A

GNCB

-may retain crystal violet

36
Q

Acinetobacter species

- odor?

A
  • old gym socks
37
Q

Acinetobacter species

- infection (7)

A
  • Respiratory tract
  • Urnary tact
  • Wounds
  • Endocarditis
  • Meningitis
  • Eye
  • Iraqnobacter
38
Q

Two Acinetobacter species

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter lwoffii

39
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

- OF reaction

A

Oxidizer of glucose

40
Q

Acinetobacter lwoffii

- OF reaction

A

non-oxidizer of glucose

41
Q

Third most common nonfermenter

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

42
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

- odor?

A

ammonia odor

43
Q

What bacteria is not part of normal human flora

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

44
Q

Drug of choice for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

SXT (aka: bactrum)

45
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

- infections

A
  • Bacteremia
  • Meningitis
  • Urinary Tract
  • Paritonitis: CAPD
  • Endocarditis
46
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia grows on what agar

A
  • SBA
  • Chocolate
  • MAC
47
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

  • Oxidase reaction
  • Specific LOA it is positive for
  • What else is it positive for?
A
  • oxidase negative
  • Lysine positive
  • DNase positive
48
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex

- infections

A
  • cystic fibrosis

- Chronic granulomatous disease

49
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex grows on what agars?

A
  • SBA
  • Chocolate
  • MAC
  • PC agar (pink colonies)
50
Q

Most resistant antibiogram

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

51
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex

  • oxidase reaction
  • LOA reaction
A
  • oxidase variable (wait longer to see blue color)

- lysine positive

52
Q

Two organisms commonly found in respiratory specimens of cystic fibrosis patients

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbiology (13 decks)

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