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Microbiology > Gram Positive Rods > Flashcards

Gram Positive Rods Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Bacillus anthracis

A
  • Large GPR’s
  • Decolorize easy
  • single or chain (bamboo/boxcar)
  • may have endospores
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2
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Bacillus species

A
  • Large GPR’s
  • Chaining GPR’s
  • Decolorize easy
  • single or chain (bamboo/boxcar)
  • may have endospores
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3
Q

Typical gram stain of:

-Corynebacterium species

A
  • Small GPR’s
  • non spore-forming
  • Palliside, Chinese letters, club-shaped, v and L shaped,
  • termed diphtheroids
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4
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Listeria species

A
  • small GPR’s
  • often resemble cocci
  • non spore- forming
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5
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Lactobacillus species

A
  • Large
  • long thin chaining
  • can be spiral or large or coccoid
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6
Q

Colony morphology

- Bacillus anthracis

A
  • encapsulated appearance
  • non-hemolytic on SBA
  • “Medusa head” colonies
  • Tenacity (“beaten egg whites”) of colonies
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7
Q

Colony morphology

- Bacillus spp

A
  • Often pigmented colonies
  • Sometimes blister-like or “fuzzy-looking”
  • Often beta hemolysis (unlike B. anthracis)
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8
Q

Colony morphology

- Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • small beta hemolytic (resembles beta strep)

- translucent (not opaque)

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9
Q

Colony morphology

- Corynebacterium

A
  • Often small white colonies

- usually gamma hemolysis (may be alpha or beta)

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10
Q

Colony morphology

A

*

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11
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

- Corynebacterium

A

species are normal flora of SKIN (also mucous membranes)

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12
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

- Lactocbacillus species

A
  • Normal flora of mouth GI tract, vagina
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13
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

A

*

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14
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

A

*

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15
Q

What is the significance of a capsule with Bacillus anthracis?

A

It makes them very resistant to heat, radiation, drying, disinfectants, etc.

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16
Q

Name all four forms of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax
Inhalation or Pulmonary anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Injection anthrax

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17
Q

Most common form of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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18
Q

Form of anthrax that wold most likely be seen in bioterrorism attack

A

Inhalation or Pulmonary anthrax

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19
Q

Gram Positive Rods are generally considered to be _____ or ______, not usually pathogens

A

commensals or contaminants

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20
Q

Name the 3 large spore formers

A
  1. Bacillus
  2. Clostridium
  3. (Lactobacillus)
21
Q

Name the 4 small non- spore formers

A
  1. Listeria
  2. Corynebacterium
  3. Erysipelothrix
  4. (Lactobacillus)
22
Q

Name the 3 chaining GPR’s

A
  1. Lactobacillus
  2. Bacillus species
  3. Clostridium species
23
Q

Name the 2 branching GPR’s

A
  1. Nocardia

2. Actinomyces

24
Q

Can you have gram negative rods with spores?

A

HECK NO! Not possible. Don’t even think about it.

25
Q

How does cutaneous Bacillus anthracis spread and what is characteristic about the disease?

A
  • contact with infected animals/animal products (goat hair or animal hides)
  • characteristic black eschar (1-2 weeks)
26
Q

Least common Bacillus anthracis

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

27
Q

what is the newest form of Bacillus?

A

Injection anthrax

28
Q

How is injection anthrax spread

A

heroin

29
Q

Why is there a low rate of Bacillus anthracis in the US?

A

our animals are vaccinated

30
Q

What bacteria is related to food poising due to intoxication (enterotoxin); usually found in meat poultry and fried rice

A

Its a shame…I love fried rice

Bacillus cereus

31
Q

What species of Bacillus has rare infections, common contaminants, often pigmented colonies, and beta hemolysis?

A

Bacillus subtilis

32
Q

What form of bacillus is resistant to very high temperatures and utilized to test effectiveness of autoclaves?

A

Geobacillus (Bacillus) stearothermophilus

33
Q

What bacteria is resistant to salting, refrigeration, etc

A

Listeria

34
Q

What disease is from ingestion of soft cheese, milk, ice cream, packaged lunch meats, hot dogs, chicken, raw milk; Flu- like symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals

A

Listeriosis

35
Q

What two groups of people are at biggest risk with listeriosis?

A

Disease in pregnant women

Disease in newborns

36
Q

What are two other big problems in newborns with listeriosis

A

Meningitis or septicemia

37
Q

Diptheria is a contagious disease of the ______ _______ ______

A

upper respiratory tract

38
Q

When working with C. diphtheriae, isolation and identification are not sufficient. What must also be done?

A

Toxigenicity Testing (in vivo or in vitro)

39
Q

4 agars used to isolate C. diphtheriae

A
  • SBA
  • Tinsdale Agar
  • Potassium Tellurite Agar
  • Loeffler’s
40
Q

What does Tinsdale Agar look like when growing C. diptheriae?

A

black colonies with halo

41
Q

What is the in vitro Toxigenicity Test for C. diptheriae?

A

Elek test

42
Q

What bacteria is a nosomomial infection in immunocompromised patients and resistant to most antimicrobials except Vancomycin?

A

Corynebacterium jeikeium

43
Q

What bacteria is cause of urinary tract infections usually nosocomial? Associated with alkaline pH –> triple phosphate crystals

A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

44
Q

Bacillus anthracis reactions

  • PEA
  • Catalase
  • Motility
  • Salicin reaction
A
  • no groth
  • Cat - pos
  • non-motile
  • solicin negative
45
Q

Bacillus species reactions

  • PEA
  • Catalase
  • Motility
  • Salicin reaction
A
  • growth
  • cat- positive
  • most are motile
  • most are positive
46
Q

Listeria monocytogenes Reactions

  • hemolysis
  • Catalase
  • salicin
  • esculin
  • motility
A
  • Beta hemolysis
  • Catalase: positive
  • Sal: positive
  • es: positive
  • mot: umbrella motility
47
Q

Corynebacterium

  • catalase
  • motility
A
  • Cat: pos

- mot: nonmotile

48
Q

Lactobacillus reactions

  • catalase
  • LBS agar
A
  • cat: negative

- LBS: growth

Microbiology (13 decks)

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