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Gram Positive Rods Flashcards

1
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Bacillus anthracis

A
  • Large GPR’s
  • Decolorize easy
  • single or chain (bamboo/boxcar)
  • may have endospores
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2
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Bacillus species

A
  • Large GPR’s
  • Chaining GPR’s
  • Decolorize easy
  • single or chain (bamboo/boxcar)
  • may have endospores
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3
Q

Typical gram stain of:

-Corynebacterium species

A
  • Small GPR’s
  • non spore-forming
  • Palliside, Chinese letters, club-shaped, v and L shaped,
  • termed diphtheroids
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4
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Listeria species

A
  • small GPR’s
  • often resemble cocci
  • non spore- forming
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5
Q

Typical gram stain of:

- Lactobacillus species

A
  • Large
  • long thin chaining
  • can be spiral or large or coccoid
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6
Q

Colony morphology

- Bacillus anthracis

A
  • encapsulated appearance
  • non-hemolytic on SBA
  • “Medusa head” colonies
  • Tenacity (“beaten egg whites”) of colonies
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7
Q

Colony morphology

- Bacillus spp

A
  • Often pigmented colonies
  • Sometimes blister-like or “fuzzy-looking”
  • Often beta hemolysis (unlike B. anthracis)
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8
Q

Colony morphology

- Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • small beta hemolytic (resembles beta strep)

- translucent (not opaque)

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9
Q

Colony morphology

- Corynebacterium

A
  • Often small white colonies

- usually gamma hemolysis (may be alpha or beta)

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10
Q

Colony morphology

A

*

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11
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

- Corynebacterium

A

species are normal flora of SKIN (also mucous membranes)

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12
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

- Lactocbacillus species

A
  • Normal flora of mouth GI tract, vagina
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13
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

A

*

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14
Q

Where are these GPR’s found as “usual flora”?

A

*

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15
Q

What is the significance of a capsule with Bacillus anthracis?

A

It makes them very resistant to heat, radiation, drying, disinfectants, etc.

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16
Q

Name all four forms of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax
Inhalation or Pulmonary anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Injection anthrax

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17
Q

Most common form of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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18
Q

Form of anthrax that wold most likely be seen in bioterrorism attack

A

Inhalation or Pulmonary anthrax

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19
Q

Gram Positive Rods are generally considered to be _____ or ______, not usually pathogens

A

commensals or contaminants

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20
Q

Name the 3 large spore formers

A
  1. Bacillus
  2. Clostridium
  3. (Lactobacillus)
21
Q

Name the 4 small non- spore formers

A
  1. Listeria
  2. Corynebacterium
  3. Erysipelothrix
  4. (Lactobacillus)
22
Q

Name the 3 chaining GPR’s

A
  1. Lactobacillus
  2. Bacillus species
  3. Clostridium species
23
Q

Name the 2 branching GPR’s

A
  1. Nocardia

2. Actinomyces

24
Q

Can you have gram negative rods with spores?

A

HECK NO! Not possible. Don’t even think about it.

25
How does cutaneous Bacillus anthracis spread and what is characteristic about the disease?
- contact with infected animals/animal products (goat hair or animal hides) - characteristic black eschar (1-2 weeks)
26
Least common Bacillus anthracis
Gastrointestinal anthrax
27
what is the newest form of Bacillus?
Injection anthrax
28
How is injection anthrax spread
heroin
29
Why is there a low rate of Bacillus anthracis in the US?
our animals are vaccinated
30
What bacteria is related to food poising due to intoxication (enterotoxin); usually found in meat poultry and fried rice
Its a shame…I love fried rice Bacillus cereus
31
What species of Bacillus has rare infections, common contaminants, often pigmented colonies, and beta hemolysis?
Bacillus subtilis
32
What form of bacillus is resistant to very high temperatures and utilized to test effectiveness of autoclaves?
Geobacillus (Bacillus) stearothermophilus
33
What bacteria is resistant to salting, refrigeration, etc
Listeria
34
What disease is from ingestion of soft cheese, milk, ice cream, packaged lunch meats, hot dogs, chicken, raw milk; Flu- like symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals
Listeriosis
35
What two groups of people are at biggest risk with listeriosis?
Disease in pregnant women | Disease in newborns
36
What are two other big problems in newborns with listeriosis
Meningitis or septicemia
37
Diptheria is a contagious disease of the ______ _______ ______
upper respiratory tract
38
When working with C. diphtheriae, isolation and identification are not sufficient. What must also be done?
Toxigenicity Testing (in vivo or in vitro)
39
4 agars used to isolate C. diphtheriae
- SBA - Tinsdale Agar - Potassium Tellurite Agar - Loeffler's
40
What does Tinsdale Agar look like when growing C. diptheriae?
black colonies with halo
41
What is the in vitro Toxigenicity Test for C. diptheriae?
Elek test
42
What bacteria is a nosomomial infection in immunocompromised patients and resistant to most antimicrobials except Vancomycin?
Corynebacterium jeikeium
43
What bacteria is cause of urinary tract infections usually nosocomial? Associated with alkaline pH --> triple phosphate crystals
Corynebacterium urealyticum
44
Bacillus anthracis reactions - PEA - Catalase - Motility - Salicin reaction
- no groth - Cat - pos - non-motile - solicin negative
45
Bacillus species reactions - PEA - Catalase - Motility - Salicin reaction
- growth - cat- positive - most are motile - most are positive
46
Listeria monocytogenes Reactions - hemolysis - Catalase - salicin - esculin - motility
- Beta hemolysis - Catalase: positive - Sal: positive - es: positive - mot: umbrella motility
47
Corynebacterium - catalase - motility
- Cat: pos | - mot: nonmotile
48
Lactobacillus reactions - catalase - LBS agar
- cat: negative | - LBS: growth

Microbiology (13 decks)

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