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Microbiology > Haemophilus & Bordetella > Flashcards

Haemophilus & Bordetella Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

hemin/hematin, derived from RBCs, heat stable

A

X Factor

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1
Q

Very tiny GNRs, very fastidious, capnophilic

A

Haemophilus

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2
Q

NAD; Present in yeast extract (CHOC), RBCs contain this with an enzyme inactivator, produced by Staph aureus, Neisseria, and S. pneumo

A

V Factor

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3
Q

Why is a suspension first make in broth before testing for X and V factor?

A

to dilute any X factor carried over from the plate

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4
Q

These two medias do not contain any X or V factor

A

T Soy or Mueller Hinton Agar

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5
Q

SBA contains which factors?

A

X only

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6
Q

Chocolate agar contains which factors?

A

X and V

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7
Q

Rabbit Blood Agar contains which factors?

A

X and V

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8
Q

Fildes Enrichment contains which factors?

A

X and V

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9
Q

Rabbit or Horse blood hemolysis looks for the presence of ______ Hemolysis

A

BETA

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10
Q

which two species are beta hemolytic?

A

H. haemolyticus and H. parahemolyticus

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11
Q

Alternative test for determining X factor; eliminates problem of hemin carryover; fluorescence=+

A

Porphyrin Test

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12
Q

Meningitis was the leading cause in young children beofre Hib vaccine and was caused by ______ ______

A

H. influenzae

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13
Q

This is a secondary invador after H. influenzae

A

Pneumonia

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14
Q

Infection from H. influenzae in the respiratory tract area

A

Otitis media, epiglottitis

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15
Q

primary virulence factor of H. influenzae

A

Capsule

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16
Q

Serotypes of H. flu are based on the ______

A

capsule

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17
Q

Encapsulated strains of H. flu are more likely to be ______ , whereas nonencapsulated strains are ________ and often part of the normal respiratory flora

A

invasive; non-invasive

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18
Q

vaccination against invasive Type b strains of H. flu

A

Hib (“Haemophilus influenzae type b”) Vaccine

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19
Q

blood cultures are positive in invasive infections, smooth colonies on choc agar, requires both X and V factors, non-hemolytic on Rabbit BLood Agar

A

H. influenzae

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20
Q

Requires only V factor, hemolytic on Rabbit Blood agar

A

H. parahemolyticus

21
Q

Requires only V factor, non-hemolytic on Rabbit blood agar

A

H. parainfluenzae

22
Q

Requires X and V factors, hemolytic on Rabbit blood agar

A

H. hemolyticus

23
Q

former strain of and identified as H. flu, causative agent of contagious conjunctivitis (“pinkeye”)

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

24
Q

biogroup of H. flu primarily in South America; agent of Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) and purulent conjunctivitis; high mortality rate

A

aegyptius

25
Q

not part of normal flora; agent of “soft chancre” or “genital ulcer disease”; STD; painful ulcerative genital lesion; enlarged lymph nodes; very fastidious; slow grower (5-7 days) on CHOC

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

26
Q

HACEK group; indigenous to upper respiratory tract; fastidious; endocarditis, septicemia in immunocompromised patients

A

Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus

27
Q

gram variable pleomorphic rods; common cause of bacterial vaginosis; can be sexually transmitted

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

28
Q

increase in pH of vaginal fluid (>4.5), decrease in Lactobacillus (normal flora), overgrowth of several normal flora organisms, not an infection

A

bacterial vaginosis

29
Q

how can you diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

A

culture is NOT useful; direct exam for “clue cells” (wet prep or gram stained); foul odor of clear, watery exudate; Amine test in 10% KOH or Vaginal pH >4.5

30
Q

Describe Clue Cells

A

Squamous epithelial cells plastered with variable rods

31
Q

Does not require X or V factors; Inhibition by SPS (sodium polyanethol sulfonate) disk, Strep pneumo inhibition

A

G. vaginalis

32
Q

stain poorly, small gram negative coccobacilli, non-invasive, do not require X or V factors

A

Bordetella

33
Q

agent of pertussis or whooping cough, spread by respiratory route

A

Bordetella pertussis

34
Q

Toxin produced by organism in B. pertussis _______ ________, and causes accumulation of thick mucous

A

paralyzes cilia

35
Q

What are the three stages of pertussis?

A

catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent

36
Q

symptoms of a cold, duration of 1-2 weeks, the IDEAL time to culture, rhinorrhea, malaise, fever, sneezing, anorexia

A

Catarrhal stage

37
Q

characteristic cough/whoop, duration of 2-4 weeks, vomiting, leukocytosis

A

paroxysmal stage

38
Q

Duration for (3-4 weeks) or longer; diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complications such as pneumonia, seizures, and encephalopathy

A

convalescent stage

39
Q

describe pertussis in infants

A

life-threatening, choking, apnea, may not be a cough

40
Q

describe pertussis in adults

A

hernia, broken ribs from coughing, often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, high risk for transmitting disease to infants

41
Q

Lab identification of B. pertussis by 4 methods

A

culture, PCR, nasopharyngeal culture, cough plates

42
Q

recommended method of culture for B. pertussis

A

nasopharyngeal culture using flexible calcium alginate or Dacron swabs

43
Q

B. pertussis secretes _______ ______ which build up and inhibit growth; how do we prevent this?

A

fatty acids; charcoal or increased blood in medium to neutralize fatty acids)

44
Q

Which types of media are used to isolate colonies of B. pertussis?

A

Bordet-Gengou (potato-glycerol with increased blood), Charcoal Cephalexin Blood Agar, Regan-Lowe Agar (incubate 7 days), Amies (with charcoal) or Regan-Lowe transport media

45
Q

Vaccines for infants VS adults

A

DTaP for infants, TdaP booster for adults

aP=acelllular pertussis, D=Diphtheria, T=Tetanus

46
Q

increased incidence of B. pertussis due to…

A

non-immunized children, vaccines are serotype specific or short-lived, adults not receiving boosters

47
Q

small percentage of “whooping cough” cases, milder disease, brown pigment, may grow on SBA, MAC agar

A

Bordetella parapertussis

48
Q

present in dogs (kennel cough) and other animals, mild respiratory infection, RAPID UREASE, cross reacts with B. pertussis and B. parapertussis on FA, may grow on SBA or MAC agar

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

49
Q

If you don’t have any X factor what can you use?

A

SBA

50
Q

If you don’t have any V factor what can you do?

A

Add yeast to T-soy (staph streak)

51
Q

If you don’t have any XV factor what can you do?

A

SBA with staph streak (satelliting)

Microbiology (13 decks)

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