Haemophilus & Bordetella

Question 0

hemin/hematin, derived from RBCs, heat stable

Answer 0

X Factor

Question 1

Very tiny GNRs, very fastidious, capnophilic

Answer 1

Haemophilus

Question 2

NAD; Present in yeast extract (CHOC), RBCs contain this with an enzyme inactivator, produced by Staph aureus, Neisseria, and S. pneumo

Answer 2

V Factor

Question 3

Why is a suspension first make in broth before testing for X and V factor?

Answer 3

to dilute any X factor carried over from the plate

Question 4

These two medias do not contain any X or V factor

Answer 4

T Soy or Mueller Hinton Agar

Question 5

SBA contains which factors?

Answer 5

X only

Question 6

Chocolate agar contains which factors?

Answer 6

X and V

Question 7

Rabbit Blood Agar contains which factors?

Answer 7

X and V

Question 8

Fildes Enrichment contains which factors?

Answer 8

X and V

Question 9

Rabbit or Horse blood hemolysis looks for the presence of ______ Hemolysis

Answer 9

BETA

Question 10

which two species are beta hemolytic?

Answer 10

H. haemolyticus and H. parahemolyticus

Question 11

Alternative test for determining X factor; eliminates problem of hemin carryover; fluorescence=+

Answer 11

Porphyrin Test

Question 12

Meningitis was the leading cause in young children beofre Hib vaccine and was caused by ______ ______

Answer 12

H. influenzae

Question 13

This is a secondary invador after H. influenzae

Answer 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

Infection from H. influenzae in the respiratory tract area

Answer 14

Otitis media, epiglottitis

Question 15

primary virulence factor of H. influenzae

Answer 15

Capsule

Question 16

Serotypes of H. flu are based on the ______

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

Encapsulated strains of H. flu are more likely to be ______ , whereas nonencapsulated strains are ________ and often part of the normal respiratory flora

Answer 17

invasive; non-invasive

Question 18

vaccination against invasive Type b strains of H. flu

Answer 18

Hib (“Haemophilus influenzae type b”) Vaccine

Question 19

blood cultures are positive in invasive infections, smooth colonies on choc agar, requires both X and V factors, non-hemolytic on Rabbit BLood Agar

Answer 19

H. influenzae

Question 20

Requires only V factor, hemolytic on Rabbit Blood agar

Answer 20

H. parahemolyticus

Question 21

Requires only V factor, non-hemolytic on Rabbit blood agar

Answer 21

H. parainfluenzae

Question 22

Requires X and V factors, hemolytic on Rabbit blood agar

Answer 22

H. hemolyticus

Question 23

former strain of and identified as H. flu, causative agent of contagious conjunctivitis (“pinkeye”)

Answer 23

Haemophilus aegyptius

Question 24

biogroup of H. flu primarily in South America; agent of Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) and purulent conjunctivitis; high mortality rate

Answer 24

aegyptius

Question 25

not part of normal flora; agent of "soft chancre" or "genital ulcer disease"; STD; painful ulcerative genital lesion; enlarged lymph nodes; very fastidious; slow grower (5-7 days) on CHOC

Answer 25

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 26

HACEK group; indigenous to upper respiratory tract; fastidious; endocarditis, septicemia in immunocompromised patients

Answer 26

Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus

Question 27

gram variable pleomorphic rods; common cause of bacterial vaginosis; can be sexually transmitted

Answer 27

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 28

increase in pH of vaginal fluid (>4.5), decrease in Lactobacillus (normal flora), overgrowth of several normal flora organisms, not an infection

Answer 28

bacterial vaginosis

Question 29

how can you diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 29

culture is NOT useful; direct exam for "clue cells" (wet prep or gram stained); foul odor of clear, watery exudate; Amine test in 10% KOH or Vaginal pH >4.5

Question 30

Describe Clue Cells

Answer 30

Squamous epithelial cells plastered with variable rods

Question 31

Does not require X or V factors; Inhibition by SPS (sodium polyanethol sulfonate) disk, Strep pneumo inhibition

Answer 31

G. vaginalis

Question 32

stain poorly, small gram negative coccobacilli, non-invasive, do not require X or V factors

Answer 32

Bordetella

Question 33

agent of pertussis or whooping cough, spread by respiratory route

Answer 33

Bordetella pertussis

Question 34

Toxin produced by organism in B. pertussis _______ ________, and causes accumulation of thick mucous

Answer 34

paralyzes cilia

Question 35

What are the three stages of pertussis?

Answer 35

catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent

Question 36

symptoms of a cold, duration of 1-2 weeks, the IDEAL time to culture, rhinorrhea, malaise, fever, sneezing, anorexia

Answer 36

Catarrhal stage

Question 37

characteristic cough/whoop, duration of 2-4 weeks, vomiting, leukocytosis

Answer 37

paroxysmal stage

Question 38

Duration for (3-4 weeks) or longer; diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complications such as pneumonia, seizures, and encephalopathy

Answer 38

convalescent stage

Question 39

describe pertussis in infants

Answer 39

life-threatening, choking, apnea, may not be a cough

Question 40

describe pertussis in adults

Answer 40

hernia, broken ribs from coughing, often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, high risk for transmitting disease to infants

Question 41

Lab identification of B. pertussis by 4 methods

Answer 41

culture, PCR, nasopharyngeal culture, cough plates

Question 42

recommended method of culture for B. pertussis

Answer 42

nasopharyngeal culture using flexible calcium alginate or Dacron swabs

Question 43

B. pertussis secretes _______ ______ which build up and inhibit growth; how do we prevent this?

Answer 43

fatty acids; charcoal or increased blood in medium to neutralize fatty acids)

Question 44

Which types of media are used to isolate colonies of B. pertussis?

Answer 44

Bordet-Gengou (potato-glycerol with increased blood), Charcoal Cephalexin Blood Agar, Regan-Lowe Agar (incubate 7 days), Amies (with charcoal) or Regan-Lowe transport media

Question 45

Vaccines for infants VS adults

Answer 45

DTaP for infants, TdaP booster for adults | aP=acelllular pertussis, D=Diphtheria, T=Tetanus

Question 46

increased incidence of B. pertussis due to...

Answer 46

non-immunized children, vaccines are serotype specific or short-lived, adults not receiving boosters

Question 47

small percentage of "whooping cough" cases, milder disease, brown pigment, may grow on SBA, MAC agar

Answer 47

Bordetella parapertussis

Question 48

present in dogs (kennel cough) and other animals, mild respiratory infection, RAPID UREASE, cross reacts with B. pertussis and B. parapertussis on FA, may grow on SBA or MAC agar

Answer 48

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 49

If you don't have any X factor what can you use?

Answer 49

SBA

Question 50

If you don't have any V factor what can you do?

Answer 50

Add yeast to T-soy (staph streak)

Question 51

If you don't have any XV factor what can you do?

Answer 51

SBA with staph streak (satelliting)