Non-carbonyl Groups Flashcards
In a carbon-halogen (C–X) bond, the carbon atom bears a partial ________ charge while the halogen atom bears a partial ________ charge.
C: Partial +
X: Partial -
Are C-X bonds polar or nonpolar?
Polar
Do aliphatic halides exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
No
Do aliphatic halides have lower or higher boiling and melting points than similar alkanes?
Higher
Alkyl _________ have the lowest boiling points, alkyl _______ the highest.
Highest: Alkyl Iodides
Lowest: Alkyl Fluorides
Are all alkyl halides soluble or insoluble in water?
Insoluble
A mixture of alkyl halide and water results in the formation of ___ layers.
Two layers
Are chlorinated and fluorinated halides denser than water?
No
Are brominated and iodinated halides denser than water?
Yes
In alkyl halides, density _________ with polyhalogenation.
Increases
These compounds are sulfur analogs of alcohols and phenols.
Thiols or Mercaptans
These compounds are sulfur analogs of ethers.
Dialkyl Sulfides or Thioethers
The amino acid cysteine contains a _________ link. The crosslinked _________ bonds of cysteine are found in keratin (hair).
Disulfide
The more S-S bonds, the ________ and less flexible the bonds are.
Stronger
Nitriles, also known as _____ compounds, are organic compounds that contain the cyano functional group represented as −C ≡ N.
Cyano
________, also known as cyano compounds, are organic compounds that contain the cyano functional group represented as −C ≡ N.
Nitriles
The general formula of the family of nitriles is?
RCN
Do nitriles and nitro compounds contain a polar or nonpolar functional group?
Polar
The compound ______________ is processed in many quantities by the process of ammoxidation.
Acrylonitrile
The compound Acrylonitrile is processed in many quantities by the process of?
Ammoxidation
Some compounds of nitriles are mainly manufactured by heating up of carboxylic acids with the _______ compound in presence of some catalysts.
Ammonia
Nitriles compounds are also formed by the process of heating ______ with the phosphorous pentoxide compound.
Amides
Nitriles are somewhat like _________ solids and liquids having unique odors.
Colorless
Are nitriles soluble or insoluble in water?
Soluble
The hydrolysis of nitriles in the presence of an acid or a base produces ____________ and __________ _____ efficiently.
Carboxamides & Carboxylic Acids
Nitriles are reduced to _______ and ________ amines by treating them with lithium aluminum hydride.
Primary & Tertiary Amines
The Alkylation of nitrile compounds leads to the formation of _______ anions.
Nitrile Anions
_____ compounds are organic compounds that contain the nitro functional group, -NO2.
Nitro
If the nitro group is attached to an alkyl group, then it is called an _________ nitro compound represented by general formula RNO2.
Aliphatic Nitro Compound
If the nitro group is attached to a benzene ring or an aryl group then, it is called an ________ nitro compound represented by ArNO2.
Aromatic Nitro Compound
What is the smallest organic nitrile?
Ethanenitrile (CH3CN)
Aliphatic nitro compounds are called?
Nitroalkanes
Aromatic nitro compounds are called?
Nitroarenes
