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Organic Chemistry > Amines & Alkaloids > Flashcards

Amines & Alkaloids Flashcards

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1
Q

A primary amine contains 1 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

A

RNH2

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2
Q

A secondary amine contains 2 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

A

R2NH

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3
Q

A tertiary amine contains 3 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

A

R3N

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4
Q

The quaternary amine has no lone pair and bears a ________ charge.

A

Positive

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5
Q

Amines with the N directly bonded to a benzene ring are named as derivatives of _______.

A

Aniline

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6
Q

________ amines have lower boiling points than primary and secondary amines because they have no N—H bonds.

A

Tertiary Amines

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7
Q

________ and ________ are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain amine heterocycles.

A

Caffeine & Nicotine

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8
Q

Caffeine and nicotine are naturally occurring plant _________.

A

Alkaloids

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9
Q

Is obtained from the opium poppy, and has been used as a pain reliever for centuries.

A

Morphine

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10
Q

Is also present in the opium poppy, but in smaller amounts.

A

Codeine

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11
Q

Is used for less severe pain, but it is still very addictive, found in cough syrup.

A

Codeine

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12
Q

This very addictive illegal drug is made from morphine.

A

Heroin

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13
Q

Heroin is ____ polar than morphine, making it more soluble in the body’s fat cells.

A

Less polar

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14
Q

Is isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree native to the Andes Mountains.

A

Quinine

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15
Q

It is a powerful antipyretic (fever reducer), used to treat malaria.

A

Quinine

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16
Q

It gives tonic water its characteristic bitter flavor.

A

Quinine

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17
Q

Is isolated from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade plant.

A

Atropine

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18
Q

It relaxes smooth muscle and interferes with nerve impulses and is toxic in high doses.

A

Atropine

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19
Q

Are amines acids or bases?

A

Bases

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20
Q

Amines are bases; they are proton (H+) _________.

A

Acceptors

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21
Q

Amines react with _____ (HCl) to form water-soluble salts.

A

Acids

22
Q

The products of the acid/base reaction form an?

A

Ammonium salt

23
Q

A water-insoluble amine is converted to a water- soluble ________ ____ by treatment with acid.

A

Ammonium salt

24
Q

Is used to relieve nasal discomfort caused by colds, allergies, and hay fever. It is also used to relieve sinus congestion and pressure.

A

Phenylephrine

25
Q

The antihistamine ________ is sold as the salt diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

A

Benadryl

26
Q

It is used as a preservative in eyedrops; in higher concentrations it is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

A

Benzalkonium Chloride

27
Q

Is a chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

A

Neurons

28
Q

The space between the two neurons is called a _______.

A

Synapse

29
Q

The ___________ neuron releases the neuro- transmitter.

A

Presynaptic neuron

30
Q

The ____________ neuron contains the receptors that bind the neurotransmitter.

A

Postsynaptic neuron

31
Q

Norepinephrine and dopamine are structurally related as they are both synthesized from the amino acid ________.

A

Tyrosine

32
Q

Is converted into adrenaline when a person experiences fear or stress.

A

Norepinephrine

33
Q

It affects the brain processes that control movement, emotions, and pleasure.

A

Dopamine

34
Q

Overly high levels of ________ are unhealthy and are associated with schizophrenia.

A

Dopamine

35
Q

_________ is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.

A

Serotonin

36
Q

Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid __________.

A

Tryptophan

37
Q

Is a quaternary ammonium ion that serves as a neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells.

A

Acetylcholine

38
Q

Is a hormone made from norepinephrine, the neurotransmitter.

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

39
Q

Is a biologically active amine formed in many tissues.

A

Histamine

40
Q

Is a neurotransmitter with two different receptors (H1 and H2) with a wide range of effects on the body.

A

Histamine

41
Q

It dilates capillaries (vasodilator), causes the symptoms of allergies, and stimulates the secretion of stomach acid.

A

Histamine

42
Q

Common ______________ block histamine uptake by binding to the H1 receptor.

A

Antihistamines

43
Q

The 1o, 2o, and 3o amine N atom has a ____ ____ of e−, which is omitted in condensed structures.

A

Lone Pair

44
Q

This contains most poisonous alkaloid known as coniine.

A

Hemlock

45
Q

An NH2 group is called an _____ group when named as a substituent.

A

Amino

46
Q

Which among primary, secondary, and tertiary amines have the lowest boiling point?

A

Tertiary Amines

47
Q

Caffeine and nicotine are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain _____ heterocycles.

A

Amine

48
Q

It is a mild stimulant, increasing the heart rate and signaling for glucose production so a person feels energetic.

A

Caffeine

49
Q

Both OH groups in morphine and heroin are converted to?

A

Esters

50
Q

Monomethylated, demethylated and trimethylated amines can be separated by?

A

Distillation

Organic Chemistry (9 decks)

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