Amines & Alkaloids Flashcards
A primary amine contains 1 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?
RNH2
A secondary amine contains 2 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?
R2NH
A tertiary amine contains 3 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?
R3N
The quaternary amine has no lone pair and bears a ________ charge.
Positive
Amines with the N directly bonded to a benzene ring are named as derivatives of _______.
Aniline
________ amines have lower boiling points than primary and secondary amines because they have no N—H bonds.
Tertiary Amines
________ and ________ are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain amine heterocycles.
Caffeine & Nicotine
Caffeine and nicotine are naturally occurring plant _________.
Alkaloids
Is obtained from the opium poppy, and has been used as a pain reliever for centuries.
Morphine
Is also present in the opium poppy, but in smaller amounts.
Codeine
Is used for less severe pain, but it is still very addictive, found in cough syrup.
Codeine
This very addictive illegal drug is made from morphine.
Heroin
Heroin is ____ polar than morphine, making it more soluble in the body’s fat cells.
Less polar
Is isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree native to the Andes Mountains.
Quinine
It is a powerful antipyretic (fever reducer), used to treat malaria.
Quinine
It gives tonic water its characteristic bitter flavor.
Quinine
Is isolated from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade plant.
Atropine
It relaxes smooth muscle and interferes with nerve impulses and is toxic in high doses.
Atropine
Are amines acids or bases?
Bases
Amines are bases; they are proton (H+) _________.
Acceptors
Amines react with _____ (HCl) to form water-soluble salts.
Acids
The products of the acid/base reaction form an?
Ammonium salt
A water-insoluble amine is converted to a water- soluble ________ ____ by treatment with acid.
Ammonium salt
Is used to relieve nasal discomfort caused by colds, allergies, and hay fever. It is also used to relieve sinus congestion and pressure.
Phenylephrine
The antihistamine ________ is sold as the salt diphenhydramine hydrochloride.
Benadryl
It is used as a preservative in eyedrops; in higher concentrations it is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Benzalkonium Chloride
Is a chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Neurons
The space between the two neurons is called a _______.
Synapse
The ___________ neuron releases the neuro- transmitter.
Presynaptic neuron
The ____________ neuron contains the receptors that bind the neurotransmitter.
Postsynaptic neuron
Norepinephrine and dopamine are structurally related as they are both synthesized from the amino acid ________.
Tyrosine
Is converted into adrenaline when a person experiences fear or stress.
Norepinephrine
It affects the brain processes that control movement, emotions, and pleasure.
Dopamine
Overly high levels of ________ are unhealthy and are associated with schizophrenia.
Dopamine
_________ is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.
Serotonin
Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid __________.
Tryptophan
Is a quaternary ammonium ion that serves as a neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells.
Acetylcholine
Is a hormone made from norepinephrine, the neurotransmitter.
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Is a biologically active amine formed in many tissues.
Histamine
Is a neurotransmitter with two different receptors (H1 and H2) with a wide range of effects on the body.
Histamine
It dilates capillaries (vasodilator), causes the symptoms of allergies, and stimulates the secretion of stomach acid.
Histamine
Common ______________ block histamine uptake by binding to the H1 receptor.
Antihistamines
The 1o, 2o, and 3o amine N atom has a ____ ____ of e−, which is omitted in condensed structures.
Lone Pair
This contains most poisonous alkaloid known as coniine.
Hemlock
An NH2 group is called an _____ group when named as a substituent.
Amino
Which among primary, secondary, and tertiary amines have the lowest boiling point?
Tertiary Amines
Caffeine and nicotine are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain _____ heterocycles.
Amine
It is a mild stimulant, increasing the heart rate and signaling for glucose production so a person feels energetic.
Caffeine
Both OH groups in morphine and heroin are converted to?
Esters
Monomethylated, demethylated and trimethylated amines can be separated by?
Distillation
