Alcohols Flashcards
Are alcohols capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
Yes
Do alcohols have stronger intermolecular forces than alkanes and alkenes?
Yes
Are alcohols soluble in organic solvents?
Yes
Low molecular weight alcohols (6 C’s or less)
are _______ in water.
Soluble
Higher molecular weight alcohols (more than 6 C atoms) is ________ in water.
Insoluble
Compounds with two OH groups are called ____ or glycols.
Diols
Compounds with two OH groups are called diols or _______.
Glycols
Compounds with three OH groups are called?
Triols
Is a useful solvent and a starting material for plastics, but it is toxic due to its oxidation in the liver.
Methanol (CH3OH)
Is the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages, and it is formed from the fermentation of carbohydrate chains.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Is the major component of rubbing alcohol, which is used to sterilize skin and medical instruments.
2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH), Isopropyl Alcohol
This diol is the major component of antifreeze; it is sweet tasting but extremely toxic.
Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH)
This triol is used in lotions, liquid soap, and shaving cream; it is also sweet tasting, but nontoxic, so it can be used in food products.
Glycerol [(HOCH2)2CHOH]
Are very long, alcohol-containing, and naturally occurring polymers, synthesized primarily by plants.
Carbohydrates
The main carbohydrate in seeds and the roots of plants, and it can be metabolized by humans into glucose.
Starch
The major component of wood, cotton, and flax, gives rigidity to plants, however it cannot be metabolized by humans.
Cellulose
Oxidation results in a/an ________ in the number of C-O bonds.
Increase
Oxidation results in a/an ________ in the number of C-H bonds.
Decrease
Can tertiary alcohols be oxidized?
No
Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by _______ _____________ and subsequently to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and subsequently to acetate by ________ _____________ (ALDH).
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)
Phenols will give a ___ color on the litmus test.
Red (Weak Acid)
Phenol reacts with ferric ions to form ______ colored complex.
Violet
Are phenols weak or strong acids?
Weak Acids
Will phenols react with bases?
Yes
If phenol is reacted with NaOH, it is completely converted to the _________ ion, which is soluble in water because it is charged.
Phenoxide
Is phenol very soluble in water?
No
They contain an SH (sulfhydryl) group.
Thiols
An alcohol contains an O atom with a bent shape like H2O, with a bond angle of?
109.5 degrees
Consuming more ethanol than can be metabolized leads to a buildup of ____________, which is toxic.
Acetaldehyde
The reaction mechanism involved with tertiary and secondary alcohols is?
SN1
Methanol is oxidized into formaldehyde and then to formic acid by the same enzymes as?
Ethanol
Millon’s reagent is an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble ________.
Proteins
