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Organic Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

O is ____ electronegative than C, so the carbonyl group is polar.

A

More

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2
Q

O is more electronegative than C, so the carbonyl group is _____.

A

Polar

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3
Q

Organic acids with one carboxyl group. They are sometimes called fatty acids since they are obtained from the hydrolysis of fats.

A

Monocarboxylic Acids

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4
Q

They are also the final product in the oxidation of primary alcohol.

A

Monocarboxylic Acids

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5
Q

Carboxylic acids with two carboxyl groups.

A

Dicarboxylic Acids

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6
Q

Carboxylic acids with two functional groups, the ketone and carboxyl group.

A

Keto Acids

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7
Q

Carboxylic acids with two functional groups, the ________ and ________ group.

A

Carbonyl & Hydroxyl

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8
Q

Are carboxylic acids, esters, and amides polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

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9
Q

Only carboxylic acids and primary _____ can undergo intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

A

Amides

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10
Q

__________ _____ have higher boiling points than similar alcohols because there are more hydrogen bonding interactions possible than alcohols.

A

Carboxylic Acids

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11
Q

Carboxylic acids have ______ boiling points than similar alcohols.

A

Higher

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12
Q

Are esters capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

A

No

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13
Q

Carboxylic acids have ______ boiling points than similar esters.

A

Higher

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14
Q

Is responsible for the sting of some types of ants.

A

Formic Acid (HCO2H)

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15
Q

Is the sour-tasting component of vinegar.

A

Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)

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16
Q

It can be made by air oxidation of ethanol when wine “goes bad”.

A

Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)

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17
Q

Has the foul odor of dirty socks and locker rooms.

A

Hexanoic Acid [(CH3(CH2)4COOH)]

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18
Q

Many low molecular weight esters have ________ odors.

A

Pleasant

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19
Q

The amide _________ is thought to induce sleep
because it’s production is increased by the body
during the evening.

A

Melatonin

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20
Q

The ester __________ is the active ingredient in topical anesthetics.

A

Benzocaine

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21
Q

The amide _____________ is a pain reliever in Tylenol.

A

Acetaminophen

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22
Q

Carboxylic acids are proton (H+) ______.

A

Donors

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23
Q

Carboxylic acids are ____ acids compared to inorganic acids.

A

Weak

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24
Q

Carboxylic acids react with _____ to form water-soluble salts.

A

Bases

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25
Q

The carboxylic acid donates the ______ to the base, OH−, which accepts it.

A

Proton

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26
Q

The salts of carboxylic acids formed by acid-base
reactions are water-_______ ionic solids.

A

Water-soluble

27
Q

Acid-base reaction will turn a water insoluble carboxylic acid into a water _______ carboxylic acid salt.

A

Water-soluble

28
Q

Soaps are salts of __________ _____ that have many C atoms in long hydrocarbon chain.

A

Carboxylic Acids

29
Q

The polar head of a soap is the _____ end.

A

Ionic

30
Q

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form ______.

A

Esters

30
Q

The ________ tail is of a soap the carbon chain of nonpolar C—C and C—H bonds.

A

Nonpolar

31
Q

Carboxylic acids react with _______ or an amine to form amides.

A

Ammonia (NH3)

31
Q

Carboxylic acids react with ________ to form esters.

A

Alcohols

32
Q

Carboxylic acids react with ammonia to form ______.

A

Amides

33
Q

Formation of an ester is done by the ______ esterification.

A

Fisher

34
Q

Carboxylic acids reaction with NH3 forms a _______ amide (RCONH2).

A

Primary Amide (RCONH2)

35
Q

Carboxylic acids reaction with R’NH2 forms a _________ amide (RCONHR’).

A

Secondary Amide (RCONHR’)

36
Q

Carboxylic acids reaction with R’2NH2 forms a _________ amide (RCONR’2).

A

Tertiary Amide (RCONR’2)

37
Q

An ester reacts with water to form a __________ ____ and an alcohol; this is a hydrolysis reaction.

A

Carboxylic Acid

38
Q

An ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an _______; this is a hydrolysis reaction.

A

Alcohol

39
Q

An ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol; this is a __________ reaction.

A

Hydrolysis

40
Q

An example of ester hydrolysis using an aqueous base, called ______________.

A

Saponification

41
Q

Saponification forms the ___________ _____ rather than the carboxylic acid product.

A

Carboxylate Anion

42
Q

An amide reacts with water to form a __________ ____ and an amine in a hydrolysis reaction.

A

Carboxylic Acid

43
Q

An amide reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an _____ in a hydrolysis reaction.

A

Amine

44
Q

An amide reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an amine in a __________ reaction.

A

Hydrolysis

45
Q

Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a __________ ____ and an amine salt.

A

Carboxylic Acid

46
Q

Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid and an _____ ____.

A

Amine Salt

47
Q

Animals store energy in the form of _______________.

A

Triacylglycerols

48
Q

Using enzymes called _______, the three ester bonds are hydrolyzed when the triacylglycerol is metabolized.

A

Lipases

49
Q

The most common polyester is ____________ _____________ (PET) used for materials Dacron and Mylar and in making plastic soft drink bottles.

A

Polyethylene Terephthalate

50
Q

Is a condensation polymer, formed when two monomers come together, releasing water.

A

Nylon

51
Q

__________ interferes with the enzyme that synthesizes bacterial cell walls, killing the bacterium.

A

Penicillin

52
Q

Pain relievers work because they block the synthesis of ______________, compounds responsible for pain responses in the body.

A

Prostaglandins

53
Q

According to __ ___________ principle, the Fisher Esterification is driven to the right by using excess alcohol and removing the water as it is formed.

A

Le Châtelier’s

54
Q

Diets high in fat lead to obesity, so the “fake fat” _______ (Olean) was invented to replace some triacylglycerols in snack foods.

A

Olestra

55
Q

They are lipids, water insoluble organic compounds, present in fats and oils.

A

Triacylglycerol

56
Q

Nylon is a condensation polymer, formed when two monomers come together, releasing _____.

A

Water

57
Q

It is toxic and found in rhubarb leaves.

A

Ethanedioic Acid (Oxalic Acid)

58
Q

The carboxyl group is made up of these two groups.

A

Carbonyl and Hydroxyl groups

59
Q

3-Methyl Butyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?

A

Banana

60
Q

Octyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?

A

Orange

61
Q

Pentyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?

A

Pear

62
Q

Animal fats, vegetables, and oils are _______ of long chain fatty acids and glycerol.

A

Esters

Organic Chemistry (9 decks)

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