Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
O is ____ electronegative than C, so the carbonyl group is polar.
More
O is more electronegative than C, so the carbonyl group is _____.
Polar
Organic acids with one carboxyl group. They are sometimes called fatty acids since they are obtained from the hydrolysis of fats.
Monocarboxylic Acids
They are also the final product in the oxidation of primary alcohol.
Monocarboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids with two carboxyl groups.
Dicarboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids with two functional groups, the ketone and carboxyl group.
Keto Acids
Carboxylic acids with two functional groups, the ________ and ________ group.
Carbonyl & Hydroxyl
Are carboxylic acids, esters, and amides polar or nonpolar?
Polar
Only carboxylic acids and primary _____ can undergo intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Amides
__________ _____ have higher boiling points than similar alcohols because there are more hydrogen bonding interactions possible than alcohols.
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids have ______ boiling points than similar alcohols.
Higher
Are esters capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
No
Carboxylic acids have ______ boiling points than similar esters.
Higher
Is responsible for the sting of some types of ants.
Formic Acid (HCO2H)
Is the sour-tasting component of vinegar.
Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)
It can be made by air oxidation of ethanol when wine “goes bad”.
Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)
Has the foul odor of dirty socks and locker rooms.
Hexanoic Acid [(CH3(CH2)4COOH)]
Many low molecular weight esters have ________ odors.
Pleasant
The amide _________ is thought to induce sleep
because it’s production is increased by the body
during the evening.
Melatonin
The ester __________ is the active ingredient in topical anesthetics.
Benzocaine
The amide _____________ is a pain reliever in Tylenol.
Acetaminophen
Carboxylic acids are proton (H+) ______.
Donors
Carboxylic acids are ____ acids compared to inorganic acids.
Weak
Carboxylic acids react with _____ to form water-soluble salts.
Bases
The carboxylic acid donates the ______ to the base, OH−, which accepts it.
Proton
The salts of carboxylic acids formed by acid-base
reactions are water-_______ ionic solids.
Water-soluble
Acid-base reaction will turn a water insoluble carboxylic acid into a water _______ carboxylic acid salt.
Water-soluble
Soaps are salts of __________ _____ that have many C atoms in long hydrocarbon chain.
Carboxylic Acids
The polar head of a soap is the _____ end.
Ionic
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form ______.
Esters
The ________ tail is of a soap the carbon chain of nonpolar C—C and C—H bonds.
Nonpolar
Carboxylic acids react with _______ or an amine to form amides.
Ammonia (NH3)
Carboxylic acids react with ________ to form esters.
Alcohols
Carboxylic acids react with ammonia to form ______.
Amides
Formation of an ester is done by the ______ esterification.
Fisher
Carboxylic acids reaction with NH3 forms a _______ amide (RCONH2).
Primary Amide (RCONH2)
Carboxylic acids reaction with R’NH2 forms a _________ amide (RCONHR’).
Secondary Amide (RCONHR’)
Carboxylic acids reaction with R’2NH2 forms a _________ amide (RCONR’2).
Tertiary Amide (RCONR’2)
An ester reacts with water to form a __________ ____ and an alcohol; this is a hydrolysis reaction.
Carboxylic Acid
An ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an _______; this is a hydrolysis reaction.
Alcohol
An ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol; this is a __________ reaction.
Hydrolysis
An example of ester hydrolysis using an aqueous base, called ______________.
Saponification
Saponification forms the ___________ _____ rather than the carboxylic acid product.
Carboxylate Anion
An amide reacts with water to form a __________ ____ and an amine in a hydrolysis reaction.
Carboxylic Acid
An amide reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an _____ in a hydrolysis reaction.
Amine
An amide reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an amine in a __________ reaction.
Hydrolysis
Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a __________ ____ and an amine salt.
Carboxylic Acid
Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid and an _____ ____.
Amine Salt
Animals store energy in the form of _______________.
Triacylglycerols
Using enzymes called _______, the three ester bonds are hydrolyzed when the triacylglycerol is metabolized.
Lipases
The most common polyester is ____________ _____________ (PET) used for materials Dacron and Mylar and in making plastic soft drink bottles.
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Is a condensation polymer, formed when two monomers come together, releasing water.
Nylon
__________ interferes with the enzyme that synthesizes bacterial cell walls, killing the bacterium.
Penicillin
Pain relievers work because they block the synthesis of ______________, compounds responsible for pain responses in the body.
Prostaglandins
According to __ ___________ principle, the Fisher Esterification is driven to the right by using excess alcohol and removing the water as it is formed.
Le Châtelier’s
Diets high in fat lead to obesity, so the “fake fat” _______ (Olean) was invented to replace some triacylglycerols in snack foods.
Olestra
They are lipids, water insoluble organic compounds, present in fats and oils.
Triacylglycerol
Nylon is a condensation polymer, formed when two monomers come together, releasing _____.
Water
It is toxic and found in rhubarb leaves.
Ethanedioic Acid (Oxalic Acid)
The carboxyl group is made up of these two groups.
Carbonyl and Hydroxyl groups
3-Methyl Butyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?
Banana
Octyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?
Orange
Pentyl Ethanoate produces the smell of?
Pear
Animal fats, vegetables, and oils are _______ of long chain fatty acids and glycerol.
Esters
