NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE ARTICLE Flashcards
NOMINATIVE (NOUN) CASE
The nominative case is the 🧰 (case) that the subject (noun or pronoun) is in.
WHEN THE SUBJECT TAKES AN EQUATIVE VERB LIKE “IS” THEN ANOTHER NOUN APPEARS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE. THIS IS CALLED THE
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE-
Ex. “John is a man”. “John”’is the subject and man is the predicate nominative.
In English the subject and predicate nominative are distinguished
by word order.. the subject comes first.
🏛NOT SO WITH GREEK!
Rather than for grammatical function Greek language uses word order for…
EMPHASIS.
“JOHN” IS A MAN.
With Greek language, instead of placing the subject (JOHN) before the predicate nominative (MAN) if one of the two nouns has the article it is the…
SUBJECT
APPROPRIATING SUBECT PLACEMENT
EX. …in Greek the text would be translated and as “God was the Word.”
How can we tell that “the Word” is the subject?
because it has the article, and we translate it accordingly: “and the Word was God.”
2 PARTS TO A NOUN
ARE…
STEM
CASE ENDING
STEM
CARRIES THE MEANING
CASE ENDINGS
Enables words to perform different functions.
The function that a word performs will dictate what casing goes on to the end of the stem.
As translators we look first at the
CASE ENDING ( determine what case it is) And determine what function the word is performing in the sentence.
The sigma on the end of
Απόστολο(ς) let’s us know that the word is being used as a…
SUBJECT
The Nu (ν) on the Αποστόλο(ν) Tells us that the is being used as a…
DIRECT OBJECT
AS WELL AS FUNCTION THESE ALSO AFFECT THE CASE ENDING…
GENDER, NUMBER, DECLENSION
CASE ENDING (PATTERNS)
If the word is MASCULINE the right case ending could be…
-ος MASCULINE
CASE ENDING (PATTERNS)
If the word is FEMININE the right case ending could be…
-α/-η FEMININE
May not use any ending at all if feminine
CASE ENDING (PATTERNS)
If the word is NEUTER the right case ending could be…
-ον
Dash or — Meaning
Example (—)ος —ος
Dash is used to imply the presence of a word.
Ex- Άνθρωπ-ας
NUMBERING’S AFFECT ON
THE CASE ENDING…
- Απόστολος (ς)would indicate how many?
- Απόστολοι (ι) would indicate how many?
- Απόστολος (ς)would indicate singularity
2. Απόστολοι (ι) would indicate plurality
DECLENSION’S AFFECTS ON CASE ENDING
ώρα
DECLENSION’S AFFECTS ON A CASE ENDING
First declension noun
ώρα
In some situations may not have a case ending
DECLENSION’S AFFECTS ON A CASE ENDING
Second declension noun
άπόστολος
Uses a sigma
DECLENSION’S AFFECTS ON A CASE ENDING
Second Declension Neuter
έργον
Uses a Nu
NOMINATIVE CASE IN GREEK
ROUGHLY COMPARABLE TO THE SUBJECTIVE IN ENGLISH - MEANING
If a word is serving as the subject of a verb, the writer will put it into the nominative case by adding the appropriate nominative case ending.
In the Statement: (NOMINATIVE)
ό άπόστολος πέμρει
τόν άπόστολον.
“the apostle condemns the apostle”
ό άπόστολος πέμρει
τόν άπόστολον.
The noun απόστολος does not so much come before the verb πέμρει
It has more to do with the fact that απόστολο(ς)a nominative case ending which is being used to denote that is functioning as the subject of (πέμρει) the verb.
Appropriate accusative case ending (ς)
ACCUSATIVE CASE IN GREEK
ROUGHLY COMPARABLE TO THE OBJECTIVE IN ENGLISH - MEANING
If a word is going to be the direct object (d.o) the writer will have put it into the ACCUSATIVE CASE.
In the Statement: (ACCUSATIVE)
ό άπόστολος πέμρει
τόν άπόστολον.
“the apostle condemns the apostle”
ό άπόστολος πέμρει
τόν άπόστολο(ν)
Appropriate accusative case ending (ν)
FIRST DECLENSION STEMS ARE STEMS ENDING IN…
Αα or Ηη
γραφή
ώρα
