CHPTR 5 GREEK GRAMMAR Flashcards
The ending of the Greek Verb indicates…
Person and number or quantity.
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“I” & “WE”ARE CONSIDERED…
1st Person
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“YOU” IS CONSIDERED…
2nd Person
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“SHE” “HE”, “IT” AND ALL NOUNS ARE CONSIDERED…
3rd Person
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“I” & “WE”ARE CONSIDERED…
1st Person
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“YOU” IS CONSIDERED…
2nd Person
IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE
“SHE” “HE”, “IT” AND ALL NOUNS ARE CONSIDERED…
3rd Person
- γράφεις means…
2. The εις ending on γράφεις tells you that the subject is…
means “you write.” The subject is“you.”
γράφει means
“he writes,” “she writes,” or “it writes.”
The ει ending on γράφει tells you that the subject is “he,” “she,” or “it.”
Because the subject can be found in the verb a Greek sentence does not need to have an expressed subject; So, σὺ γράφεις and γράφεις both mean,
“You write.”
*The “you” can come from either the pronoun σύ or the personal ending εις.
PRONOUN USAGE
If subject is already expressed
Example:
ἄνθρωπος (a man) γράφει (he/she/it writes) τὸ βιβλίον( the book).
Then you would…
not use the pronoun.
A man writes the book. In this sentence, you would not translate, “A man he writes the book.”
You would simply say, “A man writes the book.” However, if the subject were not expressed (i.e., if ἄνθρωπος were not present), then you would translate, “He writes the book.”
γράφει τὸ βιβλίον
(He writes is expressed/ contained in the word γράφει.
The verb γράφει can mean “he writes,” “she writes,” or “it writes.” The ει ending is used with all three genders. Because of this only what will help you decide which gender is correct?
CONTEXT CONTEXT CONTEXT!
CASE ENDINGS-The case of a word in Greek is indicated by the “case ending.” Case ending is …
A suffix added to the end of the word.
For example, the Greek stem of the word “apostle” is ἀποστο-λο.
If a word is functioning as the direct object of the verb, it takes a case ending that is equivalent to the…
Objective (ACC. ACCUSATIVE )case in English: ν (ἀπόστολον).
ὁ ἀπόστολος πέμπει τὸν ἀπόστολον. The apostle sends the apostle.
In Greek, it is the case ending, NOT THE WORD ORDER, that…
indicates the function of a word.
It is the STEM of a noun that carries the actual
Meaning of the word.
*It is essential that you memorize the stem of a word.
GENDER . A NOUN IS EITHER ONE OF 3 GENDERS
masculine, feminine, or neuter.
- A noun has only one gender, and it NEVER VARIES.
- Since the final letter of the noun stem determines its declension, a noun can belong to only one declension.
Greek generally follows what is called “GRAMMATICAL GENDER,” which means…
There is no connection between the gender and the meaning of a word.
*The noun ἁμαρτωλός means “sinner” and is masculine, but it does not mean that a sinner is male. The noun ἁμαρτία means “sin” and is a feminine noun, but it does not mean that sin is a feminine trait.
