CHAPTER 6 GREEK GRAMAR Flashcards
Indeclinable words are usually these types of words…
Som personal names and words borrowed from other languages.
INDECLINABLE MEANS
Their form does not change regardless of their meaning or function in the sentence.
EX: “Israel” is Ἰσραήλ (the same) whether it is the subject or the direct object.
STEM-
If you take the case ending off a noun, you are left with the stem. The stem of λόγος is λογο.
λογο———>STEM
(ς)————>CASE ENDING
λογο(ς)
NUMBER/ QUANTITY
In terms of quantity ἀπόστολος means…
“Apostle”
STEM——> άπόστολο
CASE ENDING——> ος (MASCULINE SINGULAR )
NUMBER/ QUANTITY
In terms of quantity ἀπόστολοι
means…
“Apostles”
STEM——> άπόστολο
CASE ENDING——> οι (MASCULINE PLURAL)
DECLENSIONS are different inflectional patterns that English nouns follow in forming their-
PLURAL.
Some add “s,” some add “es,” and others change their stem vowel.
*The pattern a word follows does not affect its meaning, only its form. “Children” and “childs” would mean the same thing, if the latter were actually a word.
How many inflectional patterns(DECLENSIONS) are there in Greek?
3
Do the declensions that a particular might have, have any bearing on the meaning of the word?
NO. The different declensions affect only the form of the case ending.
🎤Nouns that have a stem ending in an α or η belong to which declension?
.
FIRST DECLENSION
🎤FIRST DECLENSION ENDINGS ARE PRIMARILY WHICH GENDER?
FEMININE
EXAMPLE: (ὥρα, γραφή)
🪄Memory Trick -Ladies First
🎤SECOND DECLENSION ENDINGS ARE PRIMARILY WHICH GENDER?
MASCULINE OR NEUTER
EXAMPLE: (ἀπόστολος; ἔργον)
Nouns that have a stem ending in an ο belong to which declension?
SECOND DECLENSION.
If the stem of a word ends in a consonant, it is …
THIRD DECLENSION
NOMINATIVE CASE (PRIMARY FUNCTION)
To indicate the subject of a verb.
If a word is the subject of the verb, it will have a nominative case ending.
If a word is the subject of the verb, it will have which type of case ending?
NOMINATIVE
EXAMPLE: ὁ θεὸς ἀγαπᾷ τὸν κόσμον.
θεός is the subject of ἀγαπᾷ since it has a nominative case ending.
If a word is the direct object of a verb, it will have which type of case ending?
ACCUSATIVE.
One of the accusative singular case endings is ν. In the following sentence,
which word is the direct object?
Χριστὸν ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεός.
“Χριστὸν” is the direct object of ἀγαπᾷ since it has an accusative case ending.
The only way to determine the subject or direct object of a Greek verb is by the…
Case endings.
In Greek, the ending ς shows you that this word is in the which case?
NOMINATIVE (SUBJECT) case and therefore is the subject.
LEXICAL FORM
The lexical form of a Greek noun is its form in which case?
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR.
EXAMPLE , the lexical form of κόσμον (accusative singular) is κόσμος. (NOM . SING
Notice the ———-> (ς) nominative sg. Case endings
In Greek, the ending ν shows you that this word is in the which case?
ACCUSATIVE (DIRECT OBJECT)
And therefore is the direct object.
Whenever you are asked to explain the form of an inflected Greek word, you must be able to indicate which form?
Its lexical form;
otherwise, you will not be able to look up the word in the lexicon and find its meaning.
“PARADIGM” refers to…
(Paradigm of )the case endings used by the first and second declensions, nominative and accusative.
GENDER ORDER IS LEFT TO RIGHT IN WHICH ORDER?
MASCULINE, FEMININE & NEUTER
“PARADIGM” refers to…
(Paradigm of )the case endings used by the first and second declensions, nominative and accusative.
The “2 – 1 – 2” along the top
of the PARADIGM CHART means that the Masculine , Feminine and Neuter follow which declensions?
The Masculine follow the second declension, The Feminine follows the first declension, and The Neuter follows the second.
NUMBER/ QUANTITY. Instead of adding an “s” to a word, Greek indicates singular or plural by using different
CASE ENDINGS endings.
If the word is functioning as the subject of the verb, it takes a case ending that is equivalent to…
the subjective (NOM. NOMINATIVE) case in English: ς (ἀπόστολος).
CERTAIN PATTERNS that will help you remember the gender of a word.
Words listed in the vocabulary section that end in ος are usually…
Masculine (καιρός)
Words ending in η or α are mostly…
FEMININE(ἀγάπη, βασιλεία).
Words ending with ον are always
NEUTER (ἔργον)
What does the Feminine following the first declension mean?
Nouns that have a stem ending in an α or η
What does the Masculine following the second declension mean?
Nouns that will have a stem ending in Ο.
What does the Neuter following the second declension mean?
Nouns that have a stem ending in an Ο or oν.
A dash (-) means
that no case ending is used and the stem of the noun stands by itself.
The underline ( a ) means
—the case ending joins with the final stem vowel.
