CHAPT 8 PREPOSITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

ἦν . The past tense form of which word?

A

ἐστίν is ἦν, “he/she/it was.” It occurs frequently, and you should memorize it now.

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2
Q

Movable nu . A movable nu is a ν occurring at the

A

end of a word that ends with a vowel when the following word begins with a vowel

(e.g., εἰσὶν αὐτοί). The purpose of adding the ν was to avoid the pause necessary to pronounce both vowels.

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3
Q

A preposition is anything a rabbit can do with its home.

A

He can go in it, around it, dig under it, etc.

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4
Q

A dependent clause is a

A

collection of words that cannot stand alone. It has meaning only when it is part of a complete sentence; it is dependent upon that sentence.

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5
Q

Dependent Clause (ίνα)

A

“In order that.”

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6
Q

Are Prepositions Inflected?

A

The form of a preposition does not vary depending on its usage; it is not inflected. The preposition παρά will be παρά whether its object is in the genitive, dative, or accusative. The only time the preposition changes its form has nothing to do with inflection. When certain prepositions ending in a vowel are followed by a word beginning with a vowel , the final vowel of the preposition may be dropped and marked with an apostrophe (“elision,” cf. 4.2).

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7
Q

But other prepositions can be followed by two cases, and a few can even be followed by three cases. Meaning…

A

The object will never be in the nominative (except under rare circumstances).

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8
Q

Some prepositions are always followed by the same case. This means…

A

They only have one set of meanings. For example, the preposition ἐν always takes an object in the dative and has the basic meaning, “in.”

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9
Q

In Greek, the meaning of a preposition depends upon the case of its object . Meaning =

A

For example, the preposition διά means “through” if its object is in the genitive, but “on account of” if its object is in the accusative. 2 The object almost always immediately follows the preposition.

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10
Q

Predicate nominative .

A

The verb “to be” gives rise to a special situation. (The verb “to be” has many different forms: “am”; “are”; “was”; “were”; etc.) If you say, “The teacher is I,” the pronoun “I” is not receiving the action of the verb. Rather, it is telling you something about the subject. Because it is not receiving the action of the verb, the pronoun cannot be a direct object. Rather, it is called a “predicate nominative” and is put in the subjective case.

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11
Q

Greek Detective 👁👣 -Clues to Detemine ‘Subject’ CLUE#1

If the word is a____, it is probably the subject.

A

pronoun

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12
Q

The second function of the nominative case is the…

A

Predicate nominative .

Just as it is in English, a noun that follows εἰμί is not receiving the action from the verb but rather is telling you something about the subject. Therefore the word is in the nominative case and not the accusative.

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13
Q

What’s is a prepositional phrase is?

A

The preposition together with its object and modifiers.. In the first example above, the prepositional phrase is “under the table.”

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14
Q

Which case is the object of the preposition always in?

A

the objective case.

EX. You would not say, “The book is under he.” You say, “The book is under him.” “He” is subjective and “him” is objective.

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15
Q

The word that follows the preposition is called the…

A

object of the preposition.

EX. “The book is under the table,”

the object of the preposition “under” is “table.”

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16
Q

Prepositions Definition

A

A preposition is a word that indicates the relationship between two words.

Her feet are ON the chair. The ball went OVER his head. John came WITH his disciples. John came BEFORE Jesus.

17
Q

Other prepositions can be followed by two cases, and a few can even be followed by three cases. Meaning…

A

The object will never be in the nominative (except under rare circumstances).

18
Q

Dependent Clause (ίνα)

A

“In order that.”

19
Q

Greek Detective 👁👣 -Clues to Detemine ‘Subject’ CLUE#2

If it is an_____ noun or a _____ name, it is probably the subject.

A

Articular noun or a proper name.

20
Q

When you are dividing your sentences into sections, make sure to separate

A

separate the prepositional phrase (or any other dependent clause) as a distinct group and see what word the preposition modifies. It will often be a verb; most prepositional phrases are adverbial.

Example
ὁ λόγος / ἔρχεται / εἰς τὸν κόσμον.
The word / goes / into the world.

21
Q

οὕτως γάρ ἠγάπησεν ο θεὸς τόν κόσμον,
ώστε τόν υίόν τόν μονογεν έδωκεν,
ίνα πάς ό πιστύων—>

A

PHRASING
“He gave his one and only Son
That Everyone who believes—>
in him
—-> should not perish
but
have eternal life.

22
Q

PHRASING breaks a verse down into its

A

phrases (prepositional phrases, genitive phrases, dative phrases, and many more phrases you will be learning). It then lays them out with main clauses to the left and dependent phrases indented under the word they modify.

*This means you can see the main thoughts, how those main thoughts are modified, and the flow of the author’s thought.

23
Q

Greek regularly drops the _?__ in a prepositional phrase.

A

ARTICLE

If it fits the context, you may put it back in.

ὁ λόγος / ἔρχεται / εἰς τὸν κόσμον.

ὁ λόγος ἔρχεται εἰς ___ κόσμον.

The word goes into THE/τὸν world.

24
Q

PHRASING breaks a verse down into its

A

phrases (prepositional phrases, genitive phrases, dative phrases, and many more phrases you will be learning). It then lays them out with main clauses to the left and dependent phrases indented under the word they modify.

*This means you can see the main thoughts, how those main thoughts are modified, and the flow of the author’s thought.

25
Q

PHRASING
“He gave his one and only Son
That Everyone who believes—>
in him
—-> should not perish
but
have eternal life.

A

οὕτως γάρ ἠγάπησεν ο θεὸς τόν κόσμον,
ώστε τόν υίόν τόν μονογεν έδωκεν,
ίνα πάς ό πιστύων—>
εις αύτόν

                                                      —>  μή άπόληται
                                                                       άλλ’
                                                    έχη ζωήν αίωνιον.

For (γάρ) this is how (οὕτως) God (ὁ θεὸς) demonstrated his love for (ἠγάπησεν) the world (τὸν κόσμον) by giving (ὥστε … ἔδωκεν) his unique son (τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ). The purpose (ἵνα) of his giving was so that everyone who believes (πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων), not just any belief but belief in him (εἰς αὐτὸν), would have two (ἀλλ᾿) results, not perish (μὴ ἀπόληται) but have eternal life (ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον). The → is my way of indicating the flow of thought when intervening lines may break it up.

26
Q

PHRASING
“He gave his one and only Son
That Everyone who believes—>
in him
—-> should not perish
but
have eternal life.

A

οὕτως γάρ ἠγάπησεν ο θεὸς τόν κόσμον,
ώστε τόν υίόν τόν μονογεν έδωκεν,
ίνα πάς ό πιστύων—>