No Species Specific

Question 1

Why is toxoplasmosis a public health concern?

• Results in mild, flu-like illness
• Results in severe cutaneous lesions
• Infants may be infected in utero and later show chorioretinitis along with mental retardation
• Toxoplasmosis is not of public concern
• Results in death of pregnant women

Answer 1

Answer: Infants may be infected in utero and later show chorioretinitis along with mental retardation

Explanation
The correct answer is infants may be infected in utero and later show chorioretinitis along with mental retardation. Flu-like symptoms can occur and lymphadenopathy may persist for months, but this is minor in comparison to the effects on in utero infants. Pregnant women usually do not show any signs of infection. There are no cutaneous lesions in humans associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Interestingly, greater than 95% of AIDS patients suffering from toxoplasmosis are a result of cyst reactivation in the brain and not due to a recent infection. Their main signs are encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and sometimes pneumonia. To prevent exposure to pregnant women, recommend that they do not change their cat’s litter box (avoid feces).

Question 2

Which of the following suture patterns used for closing hollow viscera purposefully enters the lumen?

• Horizontal mattress pattern
• Connell pattern
• Ford interlocking pattern
• Cushing pattern

Answer 2

Answer: Connell patern

Explanation
The correct answer is Connell pattern. Both the Connell and Cushing patterns are used to close hollow viscera because they are very effective at inverting tissue and creating a watertight seal. The difference between these two patterns is that Cushing pattern only goes through the submucosa and does not enter the lumen. The Ford interlocking and horizontal mattress patterns are not used for closing hollow viscera.

Question 3

Fistulous withers refers to inflammation of the________

• Intraspinatus
• Nuchal ligament
• Bicipital bursa
• Supraspinous bursa

Answer 3

Answer: Supraspinous bursa

Explanation
The correct answer is supraspinous bursa. This bursa is variable in size and location but is usually found between the second and fifth thoracic vertebrae and can extend ventrolaterally to the margin of the scapular cartilage. The etiology is thought to be infectious. Clinical signs are pain, heat, and swelling in the region of the bursa. After days to weeks, the bursa can rupture resulting in drainage of fluid.

Brucella aborts has been identified in up to 80% of clinical cases by serology and culture. Treatment consists of flushing the fistula and appropriate antibiotics.

Question 4

Which of these zoonotic infections are of most concern from drinking raw unpasteurized cow’s milk?

• Mycobacterium bovis
• Escherichia coli 0157:H7
• Shigella
• Salmonella typhi
• Clostridium botulinum

Answer 4

Answer: Mycobacterium bovis

Explanation
The correct answer is mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis is a very serious zoonosis transmitted to humans by raw milk and has been largely controlled by institutional measures and milk pasteurization in the United States. E. coli 0157:H7 is found mainly in raw ground beef (probably fecal contamination). The other diseases listed are foodborne infections but of less serious concern in raw milk than M. bovis. S. typhi is the cause of typhoid fever and is not carried by farm animals, only by humans. Likewise, Shigella is a primate disease.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about diltiazem?

• Diltiazem speeds up the heart because it is a beta adrenergic agonist.
• Diltiazem slows the heart by antagonizing beta adrenergic receptors.
• Diltiazem slows the heart by inhibiting the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells.
• Diltiazem speeds up the heart rate by increasing the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells.

Answer 5

Answer: Diltiazem slows the heart by inhibiting the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells.

Explanation
The correct answer is diltiazem slows the heart by inhibiting the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells.
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to slow the heart to treat supraventricular tachycardias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension.

Question 6

A cystotomy is on the schedule for today on a 4 year old male Chihuahua. What suture would you not use for closing the bladder?

• Dexon
• Polydioxanone (PDS)
• Vicryl
• Silk

Answer 6

Answer: Silk

Explanation
The correct answer is silk. This suture is non absorbable and thus contraindicated. Leaving non-absorbable suture in the bladder is a potential nidus for infection.

***PowerPage: Suture Materials