Next Step #3

Question 1

what is compliance with respect to the pulmonary system?

Answer 1

surfactant increases pulmonary compliance—a measure of lung volume change at a given pressure of inspired air—and decreases the work required to expand the lungs at a given atmospheric pressure.

Question 2

what is special about the chemistry of surfactants?

Answer 2

they have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic region which allows them to act like detergents.

Question 3

how is atomic mass affected by nuclear fusion reactions?

Answer 3

it is not! can be a trick question. Only proton numbers are changed because both the neutrons and protons go toward the overall atomic pass so a conversion would not change this.

Question 4

are sp or sp3 electrons harder to eject?

Answer 4

sp: electrons are held closer to the nuclei, require more energy to eject them.

Question 5

how much mass does a gamma particle have?

Answer 5

none as it is a ray of electromagnetic energy

Question 6

are the periods of the periodic table the row or columns?

Answer 6

rows

Question 7

are the groups of the periodic table the row or columns?

Answer 7

columns

Question 8

Zeff is the pull of the protons in the nucleus on what electrons?

Answer 8

the valence electrons of an atom

Question 9

do cations tend to have larger or smaller atomic (ionic) radii?

Answer 9

smaller: same amount of protons pulling on smaller number of electrons which means there is less shielding.

Question 10

if intensity is increased by 10^4, it is increased by ____ decibels

Answer 10

40

Question 11

adsorption

Answer 11

the process by which solids hold gas or liquid molecules in a thin film

Question 12

what process allow DNA, RNA, and proteins to be separated by charge alone?

Answer 12

Gel electrophoresis allows DNA and RNA to be separated by size alone while SDS-PAGE allows proteins to be separated by charge alone.

Question 13

what is the name of the transition state during an SN2 reaction?

Answer 13

pentavalent transition state

Question 14

are polar protic solvents better for SN1 or SN2?

Answer 14

SN1 - stabilize the carbocation intermediate

Question 15

aneuploidy

Answer 15

too many or too few copies of a chromosome

poly: too many
monosomy: one copy
trisomy: 3 copies

Question 16

what is methyltransferase?

Answer 16

responsible for catalyzing the methylation of something (for example, DNA)

Question 17

compare miRNA and siRNA

Answer 17

both act to reduce gene expression after transcription. miRNA is single stranded (with a hairpin loop) while siRNA is double stranded.

Question 18

role of a phopshatase

Answer 18

dephosphorylation

Question 19

lyase

Answer 19

breaking chemical bonds by way other than hydrolysis

Question 20

are all electron carriers in the electron transport chain hydrophobic and mobile?

Answer 20

they are all mobile, but cytochrome c is actually very water soluble

Question 21

how does hyperventilation affect O2 levels

Answer 21

increases them in the blood

Question 22

what does an organic acid consist of?

Answer 22

must have C and H in formula and must be covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen.

Question 23

how does aldosterone affect K+?

Answer 23

it increases K+ excretion.

Question 24

what is the order of a rate for a reaction in which the enzyme is saturated?

Answer 24

0

Question 25

do purines have one or 2 rings?

Answer 25

2 rings

Question 26

what level of protein structure gives proteins their biological activity?

Answer 26

tertiary

Question 27

what experiment distinguished the semiconservative DNA replication?

Answer 27

Meselson Stahl

Question 28

what type of amino acids (D or L) are used by eukaryotes?

Answer 28

L

Question 29

all amino acids are ____ (S or R) except cysteine which is ____

Answer 29

S | R

Question 30

are ribosomes membrane bound organelles?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

are dendrites found in the blood brain barrier?

Answer 31

no, they are characteristic of neurons.

Question 32

where is the amygdala found?

Answer 32

temporal lobes

Question 33

self handicapping

Answer 33

is the process of developing (anticipating failure) behavioral reactions and explanations that minimize personal responsibility for the failure

Question 34

Self-perception theory

Answer 34

people observe themselves in order to figure out the reasons they act the way they do

Question 35

egocentric bias

Answer 35

Egocentric bias is the tendency to overstress changes between the past and present in order to make oneself appear more worthy or competent than one actually is.

Question 36

framing bias

Answer 36

Framing bias (or the framing effect) is one of many factors which affect a person's decisions. Just like how a picture may be framed in many different ways to change the viewer's impression, the way an option or decision is presented to a person will change how they feel about it and influence their likelihood to make a particular choice.

Question 37

automation bias

Answer 37

Automation bias is the tendency to excessively depend on automated systems, which can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions.

Question 38

what are the roles of myelin?

Answer 38

protection, insulation, increases speed of action potential propagation

Question 39

are interneurons afferent or efferent neurons?

Answer 39

neither

Question 40

projective personality assessment

Answer 40

Projective personality assessments require the participant to respond, and then their response is assessed for meaning

Question 41

what psychological disorder is serotonin linked to?

Answer 41

major depressive disorders.

Question 42

discuss the role of the hippocampus and the cerebellum in long term memory

Answer 42

Hippocampus: declarative memory Cerebellum: procedural memory

Question 43

what is the main cause of korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 43

Alcohol abuse is the main cause of Korsakoff syndrome

Question 44

discuss huntington's disease

Answer 44

Huntington’s disease: autosomal dominant, caused by expanded CAG repeat on chromosome 4, involuntary movements, dementia, atrophied brain

Question 45

discuss multiple sclerosis

Answer 45

loss of myelin sheaths

Question 46

inter trial interval

Answer 46

inter-trial interval (ITI) is the time between separate trials

Question 47

compare sertoli cells and leydig cells

Answer 47

sertoli cells produce sperm and leydig cells produce testosterone.

Question 48

Internal Consistency

Answer 48

refers to how well the items of a test that assess a certain construct of interest correlate with each other.

Question 49

compare implicit and explicit attitudes

Answer 49

Explicit attitudes are those that are conscious while implicit attitudes are those that are unconscious.

Question 50

Identity moratorium

Answer 50

an identity moratorium describes a person who is in the midst of an identity crisis, considering changing their identity, and is actively seeking alternative identities.

Question 51

Status quo bias

Answer 51

the tendency to avoid situations or actions that may produce change, instead preferring to choose action that will keep normalcy, or the status quo.

Question 52

moral hypocracy

Answer 52

Moral hypocrisy is a situation in which a person appears to be a moral person but doesn’t actually try to pursue moral behavior