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Exams > Next Step #3 > Flashcards

Next Step #3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is compliance with respect to the pulmonary system?

A

surfactant increases pulmonary compliance—a measure of lung volume change at a given pressure of inspired air—and decreases the work required to expand the lungs at a given atmospheric pressure.

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2
Q

what is special about the chemistry of surfactants?

A

they have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic region which allows them to act like detergents.

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3
Q

how is atomic mass affected by nuclear fusion reactions?

A

it is not! can be a trick question. Only proton numbers are changed because both the neutrons and protons go toward the overall atomic pass so a conversion would not change this.

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4
Q

are sp or sp3 electrons harder to eject?

A

sp: electrons are held closer to the nuclei, require more energy to eject them.

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5
Q

how much mass does a gamma particle have?

A

none as it is a ray of electromagnetic energy

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6
Q

are the periods of the periodic table the row or columns?

A

rows

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7
Q

are the groups of the periodic table the row or columns?

A

columns

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8
Q

Zeff is the pull of the protons in the nucleus on what electrons?

A

the valence electrons of an atom

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9
Q

do cations tend to have larger or smaller atomic (ionic) radii?

A

smaller: same amount of protons pulling on smaller number of electrons which means there is less shielding.

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10
Q

if intensity is increased by 10^4, it is increased by ____ decibels

A

40

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11
Q

adsorption

A

the process by which solids hold gas or liquid molecules in a thin film

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12
Q

what process allow DNA, RNA, and proteins to be separated by charge alone?

A

Gel electrophoresis allows DNA and RNA to be separated by size alone while SDS-PAGE allows proteins to be separated by charge alone.

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13
Q

what is the name of the transition state during an SN2 reaction?

A

pentavalent transition state

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14
Q

are polar protic solvents better for SN1 or SN2?

A

SN1 - stabilize the carbocation intermediate

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15
Q

aneuploidy

A

too many or too few copies of a chromosome

poly: too many
monosomy: one copy
trisomy: 3 copies

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16
Q

what is methyltransferase?

A

responsible for catalyzing the methylation of something (for example, DNA)

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17
Q

compare miRNA and siRNA

A

both act to reduce gene expression after transcription. miRNA is single stranded (with a hairpin loop) while siRNA is double stranded.

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18
Q

role of a phopshatase

A

dephosphorylation

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19
Q

lyase

A

breaking chemical bonds by way other than hydrolysis

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20
Q

are all electron carriers in the electron transport chain hydrophobic and mobile?

A

they are all mobile, but cytochrome c is actually very water soluble

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21
Q

how does hyperventilation affect O2 levels

A

increases them in the blood

22
Q

what does an organic acid consist of?

A

must have C and H in formula and must be covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen.

23
Q

how does aldosterone affect K+?

A

it increases K+ excretion.

24
Q

what is the order of a rate for a reaction in which the enzyme is saturated?

A

0

25
Q

do purines have one or 2 rings?

A

2 rings

26
Q

what level of protein structure gives proteins their biological activity?

A

tertiary

27
Q

what experiment distinguished the semiconservative DNA replication?

A

Meselson Stahl

28
Q

what type of amino acids (D or L) are used by eukaryotes?

A

L

29
Q

all amino acids are ____ (S or R) except cysteine which is ____

A

S

R

30
Q

are ribosomes membrane bound organelles?

A

no

31
Q

are dendrites found in the blood brain barrier?

A

no, they are characteristic of neurons.

32
Q

where is the amygdala found?

A

temporal lobes

33
Q

self handicapping

A

is the process of developing (anticipating failure) behavioral reactions and explanations that minimize personal responsibility for the failure

34
Q

Self-perception theory

A

people observe themselves in order to figure out the reasons they act the way they do

35
Q

egocentric bias

A

Egocentric bias is the tendency to overstress changes between the past and present in order to make oneself appear more worthy or competent than one actually is.

36
Q

framing bias

A

Framing bias (or the framing effect) is one of many factors which affect a person’s decisions. Just like how a picture may be framed in many different ways to change the viewer’s impression, the way an option or decision is presented to a person will change how they feel about it and influence their likelihood to make a particular choice.

37
Q

automation bias

A

Automation bias is the tendency to excessively depend on automated systems, which can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions.

38
Q

what are the roles of myelin?

A

protection, insulation, increases speed of action potential propagation

39
Q

are interneurons afferent or efferent neurons?

A

neither

40
Q

projective personality assessment

A

Projective personality assessments require the participant to respond, and then their response is assessed for meaning

41
Q

what psychological disorder is serotonin linked to?

A

major depressive disorders.

42
Q

discuss the role of the hippocampus and the cerebellum in long term memory

A

Hippocampus: declarative memory
Cerebellum: procedural memory

43
Q

what is the main cause of korsakoff syndrome?

A

Alcohol abuse is the main cause of Korsakoff syndrome

44
Q

discuss huntington’s disease

A

Huntington’s disease: autosomal dominant, caused by expanded CAG repeat on chromosome 4, involuntary movements, dementia, atrophied brain

45
Q

discuss multiple sclerosis

A

loss of myelin sheaths

46
Q

inter trial interval

A

inter-trial interval (ITI) is the time between separate trials

47
Q

compare sertoli cells and leydig cells

A

sertoli cells produce sperm and leydig cells produce testosterone.

48
Q

Internal Consistency

A

refers to how well the items of a test that assess a certain construct of interest correlate with each other.

49
Q

compare implicit and explicit attitudes

A

Explicit attitudes are those that are conscious while implicit attitudes are those that are unconscious.

50
Q

Identity moratorium

A

an identity moratorium describes a person who is in the midst of an identity crisis, considering changing their identity, and is actively seeking alternative identities.

51
Q

Status quo bias

A

the tendency to avoid situations or actions that may produce change, instead preferring to choose action that will keep normalcy, or the status quo.

52
Q

moral hypocracy

A

Moral hypocrisy is a situation in which a person appears to be a moral person but doesn’t actually try to pursue moral behavior

Exams (8 decks)

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