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exams > Next Step #2 > Flashcards

Next Step #2 Flashcards

1
Q

a ________ is a substrate for its target protein, as well as a regulatory molecule of the protein’s activity

A

homotropic allosteric modulator

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2
Q

do gaseous mixtures and pure gasses behave the same?

A

yes

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3
Q

although they are both fluids, what separates gasses and liquids?

A

gases are compressible while liquids are not

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4
Q

the ___ and ____ of gases is not constant

A

density and volume

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5
Q

how does the solubility of water in air change based on temperature?

A

increased temperature increases solubility of water in air

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6
Q

increased pressure _____ the solubility of a gas

A

increases

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7
Q

____ is an approximation of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gaseous sample

A

temperature

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8
Q

positive control

A

A positive control is a control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment but that is exposed to some other treatment that is known to produce the expected effect.

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9
Q

how do phenyl and benzene relate?

A

Phenyl is benzene without one hydrogen (another group attached here)

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10
Q

a carbonyl with sulfur is a ____ (S=0)

A

sulfinyl

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11
Q

discuss the properties of cis-trans isomers?

A

similar chemical but different physical properties

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12
Q

discuss the properties of diasteroemers?

A

more similar chemically than physically

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13
Q

Work energy theorem

A

work = (deltaKE)

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14
Q

how does power relate to work?

A

power = work/time

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15
Q

how does power relate to velocity?

A

power = (force)(velocity)

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16
Q

what changes and what remains the same when light enters a new medium?

A

wavelength and velocity are changed while frequency stay the same

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17
Q

do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

A

yes

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18
Q

what are the names of the following ions:
Cu+2
Cu+3

A

cupr - ous

cupr - ic

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19
Q

what is reduced but never oxidized in the electron transport chain?

A

oxygen

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20
Q

ubiquinone = ____

A

coenzyme Q

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21
Q

why do electron withdrawing groups increase the acidity of a proton

A

they draw negative charge around the compound and distribute it which makes the conjugate base more stable.

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22
Q

equation for circumference of a circle

A

2(pi)(r)

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23
Q

suicide inhibition

A

irreversible inhibition of an enzyme

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24
Q

on a titration curve, where is the PI for a neutral amino acid?

A

equivalence point

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25
Q

for an incline plane, what is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

For an incline plane, the mechanical advantage = hypotenuse / height

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26
Q

what is the probability of two objects of different masses to slide down a ramp?

A

equal

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27
Q

what does the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide produce?

A

carbonic acid

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28
Q

gel chromatography =

A

size exclusion chromatography

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29
Q

what are the subunits and overall sizes of ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes: 30S and 50S make 70S
eukaryotes: 40S and 60S make 80S

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30
Q

what is the start codon in eukaryotes and the first amino acid?

A

start: AUG

amino acid: methionine

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31
Q

converting pyruvate to acetyle CoA is done by what enzyme and produces what?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

CO2 and NADH

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32
Q

what muscles can aid forced breathing

A

internal intercostal muscles

external help open the rib cage

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33
Q

there are _____ viable autosomal monosomies

A

0

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34
Q

the only viable trisomies are ____

A

13, 18, 21

35
Q

the ____ splits the ___ arm and the ____ arm of a chromosome

A

centrosome

q and p

36
Q

trisomy 21 is also known as ___

A

Down syndrome

37
Q

monosomy X is also known as ____

A

Turner syndrome

38
Q

what is the association constant

A

equilibrium constant for enzyme binding:
E + S ==> ES
(products/reactants)

39
Q

what type of amino acids help histone pack DNA tighter?

A

basic amino acids with positively charged side chains because these interact with negatively charged DNA.

40
Q

is the N terminus positive or negatively charged in vivo?

A

positive (NH3+)

41
Q

cellular transport would most likely be affected if what is affected?

A

transmembrane proteins (such as glycoproteins)

42
Q

pinocytosis vs. phagocytosis

A

pino: cells engulf liquid substances
phago: cells engulf solid particles

43
Q

what do gap junctions connect between cells?

A

connect one cell’s cytoskeleton to another cell’s cytoskeleton

44
Q

1 gram = ___ daltons

A

avogadro’s number

45
Q

for competitive inhibition to occur, what must be a fact about the substrate and the inhibitor of the enzyme?

A

they must have similar shape

46
Q

does siRNA affect RNA or DNA?

A

due to its structure, it is only able to affect RNA.

47
Q

what is the only way that proteins will end up in the urine?

A

damage to the glomerulus

48
Q

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

in an RIA, the protein concentration can be assessed indirectly by measuring the extent to which the protein competes with a radioactively labeled standard for antibody binding sites.

49
Q

Edman degradation

A

Edman degradation is a technique used to sequence proteins via successive cleaving of terminal amino acid residues.

50
Q

can antibodies cross the blood brain barrier?

A

no they are too large

51
Q

the _____ implants in the endometrium of the uterus

A

blastula

52
Q

Test-retest bias

A

when you take a test over and over again it can affect how you do

53
Q

when does conservation happen in Piaget’s? When does object permanence happen?

A

object permanence: at the end of the sensorimotor phase

conservation: in the concrete operational phase

54
Q

kinship of affinity

A

individuals are related by choice such as marriage

55
Q

consanguineal kinship is based on ____

A

blood

56
Q

John B Watson

A

Little Albert Experiment: conditioned a little boy to be afraid of furry animals and objects.

57
Q

Muzafer Sharif

A

Robber’s Cave Experiment: intergroup conflict that arises in response to limited resources

58
Q

discuss heterogeneity and anomie

A

heterogenous individuals are less likely to have things in common, so different, fractured society.

59
Q

negativity bias

A

focusing more on the negatives than the positives

60
Q

face validity

A

the extent to which a study appears to assess what it is intended to assess. It “looks right”

61
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

measure of the degree to which two different researchers or raters agree in their assessments.

62
Q

o Criterion validity
o Construct validity
o Content validity

A

o Criterion validity: whether a variable is able to predict a certain outcome (MCAT score and how we will do in medical school)
o Construct validity: when we are able to generalize about our construct of interest because we are accurately measuring that construct.
o Content validity: how well an instrument covers the range of meanings included within a concept that is being measured (measuring tobacco use must measure all forms of tobacco use not just cigarettes).

63
Q

fMRI measures changes in what

A

oxygen in different parts of the brain

64
Q

cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

A

individuals make different interpretations about stimuli

65
Q

fading in operant conditioning

A

reducing the prompts reminding individuals to perform an action

66
Q

boasting and flattery are hallmarks of what

A

impression management

67
Q

ingratiation

A

type of impression management technique

when you become more like your target to impress them

68
Q

symbolic thinking

A

the idea that things and ideas can be represented through symbols such as words or gestures

69
Q

Kübler-Ross model for facing end of life

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
For these stages, you can remember the acronym Death Always Brings Definite Acceptance. The stages are sequenced in the following order: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

70
Q

primary aging

A

Primary aging describes the aging of biological factors and the physical body

71
Q

secondary aging

A

Aging that relates to behavioral factors like diet and exercise

72
Q

what is beneficial about a within subject study design

A

each person acts as his or her own controls which eliminates other factors that could influence data.

73
Q

Cognitive appraisal theory

A

pertains to stress: is the thing actually a threat and what resources do I have to combat it.

74
Q

who created general adaptation syndrome?

A

hans seyle

75
Q

house money effect

A

when individuals experience a gain, they are more likely to take a risk because they perceived the gain as not their own.

76
Q

the gambler’s fallacy

A

If something happens more frequently than normal during some period, it will happy less frequently in the future. Actually not true. Actually just the same odds.

77
Q

the prisoner’s dilemma

A

two individuals might not cooperate even though it is in their best interest to do so. Ex: Bill and Al confessing example.

78
Q

nominal level of measurement

A

categories

79
Q

different levels of measurement

A

o Nominal: categories
o Ordinal: rankings
o Interval: categories and orders but also makes statement about distance
o Ratio: observations have equal intervals and can have 0.

80
Q

when an individual assimilates, how does he treat his native culture?

A

rejects it

81
Q

separation vs. assimilation

A

separation is rejecting the new culture and maintaining the old culture

82
Q

Relative deprivation theory

A

posits that individuals who perceive themselves as having less resources than others will often act in ways to obtain these resources.

83
Q

is the id, ego, and superego part of the unconscious, preconscious or conscious?

A

all 3 are unconscious

id is the only one that is completely unconscious

84
Q

protectionism

A

Protectionism refers to a country rejecting trade with others and being isolative, which is inversely proportional to globalization

exams (8 decks)

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