Kaplan Exam #2

Question 1

beta particles are _____ while gamma particles are not _____

Answer 1

charged

Question 2

what is a Geiger counter best for?

Answer 2

comparing the relative magnitudes of radioactivity between two nuclear waste depositories.

Question 3

does the right or left ventricle generate more force?

Answer 3

right ventricle

Question 4

is pressure greater in pulmonary or systemic circulation?

Answer 4

systemic

Question 5

is flow rate greater in pulmonary or systemic circulation?

Answer 5

equal ==> connected in series so the flow (ie current) must be the same

Question 6

decreasing pressure in the thoracic cavity by contracting the diaphragm not only allows air to flow in (inhale) but it also allows _____

Answer 6

veinous blood to flow into the right atrium

Question 7

the most stable conjugate base stems from the most _____ acid

Answer 7

strongest (most acidic)

Question 8

for anomers, up of the OH is ____ and down is _____ (naming)

Answer 8

beta

alpha

Question 9

only ____ harmonics exist for closed pipes

Answer 9

odd

n = 1,3,5

Question 10

how is entropy change estimated? what factors are taken into account?

Answer 10

number of moles and phase changes

Question 11

do galvanic or electrolytic cells need a salt bridge?

Answer 11

galvanic cells

Question 12

what makes something qualify as a reducing sugar?

Answer 12

contains hemiacetal or hemiketal groups

Question 13

what does Benedict’s solution test for?

Answer 13

reducing sugar

Question 14

does density always change when undergoing a phase change?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what bonds does chymotrypsin preferentially cleave?

Answer 15

bonds next to large hydrophobic amino acids

Question 16

is osmotic pressure dependent on number of molecules or charge?

Answer 16

number

Question 17

presence next to electron withdrawing groups ____ acidity of an alpha hydrogen

Answer 17

increases

pulls electron density away

Question 18

what helps protect the duodenum from the acidic product coming from the stomach?

Answer 18

the pancreas releases bicarbonate in its pancreatic juice which helps to neutralize the incoming acid.

Question 19

compare facilitated diffusion and exocytosis in terms of the size/amount of molecules they move across a membrane.

Answer 19

exocytosis moves a lot more molecules across a membrane at once.

Question 20

what are concentrations of acid and CB or vice versa at the pka?

Answer 20

equal

Question 21

facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

still going down the concentration gradient, just need a pore.

Question 22

monosomy or trisomy is ____

Answer 22

a serious medical condition and the child will have major deficits.

Question 23

is monosomy or trisomy aneuploidy?

Answer 23

aneuploidy is a general gain or lack of chromosomes than normal.

Question 24

will excess glucose stores lead to more or less NADH

Answer 24

more, the ETC is slowed down because of the buildup of the proton gradient.

Question 25

the active site of an enzyme is considered the enzyme's _____ structure

Answer 25

tertiary

Question 26

commensalism vs. mutualism

Answer 26

commensalism: one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor hurt mutualism: both species are benefited

Question 27

must gut bacterial flora hang out in the ____

Answer 27

cecum

Question 28

what are the steps of base repair?

Answer 28

base is removed by a restriction enzyme, replaced by a polymerase, and re-sealed by a ligase

Question 29

where are proteins that are destined for the cell membrane processed?

Answer 29

golgi apparatus

Question 30

what occurs to tidal volume when the body needs to bring in more air?

Answer 30

it increases

Question 31

describe why hemoglobin does not follow michaelis menten kinetics?

Answer 31

1. hemoglobin has 4 different subunits each with its own active/binding site (MM only has one site) 2. oxygen binds with cooperativity, when one oxygen binds, more are likely to bind.

Question 32

what is the most common symptom of a dissociative disorder?

Answer 32

loss of memory

Question 33

what is confabulation and what is it a common symptom for?

Answer 33

confabulation is the production of a distorted memory without the intention to deceive and it is a common example of korsakoff's syndrome

Question 34

what is working memory involved in?

Answer 34

Working memory is involved in reasoning and comprehension. A breakdown in working memory prevents the brain from properly processing information which could result in drawing incorrect conclusions.

Question 35

behavioral therapists focus more on ____ than cognition

Answer 35

action

Question 36

discuss belief perseverance for an individual presented with data supporting both sides of an argument

Answer 36

will focus on the data that supports their own opinion which solidifies/strengthens this opinion.

Question 37

Systemic desensitization

Answer 37

the use of increasingly proximal stimuli to gradually reduce the fear response in an individual. Progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli

Question 38

what is a synonym for manic-depressive disorder

Answer 38

bipolar disorder

Question 39

compare apparent movement, induced movement, movement aftereffect

Answer 39

 Apparent movement: an illusion of perceived movement across empty space  Induced movement: perceived movement of one object due to the movement of another (Ex: sun behind the clouds)  Movement aftereffect: the perception of motion of still objects when viewed after watching moving objects

Question 40

korte's law

Answer 40

the perception of motion when presented with stationary lights that are lit up in succession.

Question 41

Inattentional blindness

Answer 41

failing to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

Question 42

Adaptive value

Answer 42

behavior or traits that makes you more likely to have success in the environment.

Question 43

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 43

events of our childhood have a great influence on us when we are older. therapy: allowing one to express their emotions.

Question 44

catharsis

Answer 44

expressing pent up emotions

Question 45

Lamarckian inheritance

Answer 45

physical features that we use more during our lives grow and we pass them on to our offspring. o Disproven by Darwin, but it is pretty representative of cultural evolution.

Question 46

Gate theory of pain

Answer 46

non-painful input closes the gates so that painful stimuli does not reach the brain.

Question 47

sexual dimorphism

Answer 47

the degree to which males and females of a species resemble each other. Lower sexual dimorphism means that they will be more similar.