- Appearance or color - Pulse (heart rate) - Grimace (reflex irritability) - Activity (muscle tone) - Respirations

Newborns and Infants Flashcards by Geneva Mai

What is the age range of a newborn?

up to 28 days

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What is the age range of an infant?

28 days to 12 months

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What percent is subjective information for newborns and infants?

80% subjective
20% objective

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What health history would you need to know?

mother’s number of pregnancies, prenatal diseases of mom, medications taken by mom, alcohol and drug use, preganacy/birth history of mom

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What should happen within the first hour of birth?

skin to skin contact
feeding (breastfeeding)
vitamin K
assessments (weight, length, general health)
pulse ox
head circumference (checking for hydrocephalus)
eye prophylaxis
newborn metabolic screening
hep B vaccine

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What should happen within the first few days of birth?

hearing screening

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What is APGAR?

Appearance or color
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respirations

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What score is concerning in an APGAR score?

< or equal to 7

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What timeframe is early preterm?

less than 32 weeks

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Time frame for Preterm?

32 to 37 weeks

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Timeframe for Late preterm?

34 to 37 weeks

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Timeframe for Term?

37 to 41 weeks

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Timeframe for Post term?

after completion of week 42

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Why is there an increased risk of complications post term?

the placenta is not as efficient - the placenta is aging

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How do you use determine disposition?

Consolable? Calm? Sleepy? Crying?

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What might be happening if the newborn/infant appears cyanotic during feeding?

possible heart issues

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What is SIDS?

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- unexpected death of a baby
- less than 1 years old
- usually during sleep
- appears to be healthy

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What increases the risk for SIDS?

co-sleeping (parents rolls over the baby in their sleep)
belly sleeping
low birth rate/premature
overheating
baby sleeping on soft surface/soft comforter
family history
maternal use of drugs/alcohol
smoking near baby

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What is included in breastfeeding assessment?

mother producing enough milk
baby latching on correctly
suck and swallow coordination
weight gain and output

What is included in formula feeding?

tolerance of formula (GI upset)
milk flow through nipple
weight gain and output

At what point in gestation does the suck and swallow reflect develop?

34 to 35 weeks

What is the Denver Developmental Screening Tool?

asses developmental progress
motor development in 4 areas (Gross motor skills, Fine motor skills, Language, Personal/Social Development)

What is M-CHAT and when do we use this?

screens for autism spectrum disorder
at 18 to 24 months

At what age do babies coo?

2 months

At what age do babies laugh and squeal?

4 months

At what age do babies say "dad/mama" and stand alone?

1 year

At what age do babies walk?

9-18 months

At what age do babies feed themselves?

18 months

At what age do babies have a 250 word vocabulary and run well?

2 years

At what age do babies roll?

4 months

At what age do babies sit alone/crawl?

8 months (average)

What are the newborn reflexes?

- Stepping Reflex: when the feet lift up like as if they're walking when they touch a surface; disappears at 2 months - Moro Reflex: baby looks scared; disappears at 3 months - Rooting Reflex: touch the face and they turn their face looking for food; disappears at 3-4 months - Palmar Grasp Reflex: put finger in their hand and they hold it; disappears at 3-4 months - Tonic Reflex: facing in the direction of the extended arm; disappears at 4-6 months - Swimming/Parachute Reflex: baby sticks arms out like they're falling - Plantar Grasp Reflex: put finger under their toes and the toes curl to grasp the finger; disappears at - Sucking Reflex: sucks when something is put into their mouth; disappears at 10-12 months - Babinski Reflex

What objective data do you need?

- weight - length - head cirmcum - birth chest circum - respirations - temp - BP - cardiac

Is eye crossing in a newborn normal?

yes

What are Fontanels? At what age do you close?

soft spots in the skull - anterior: closes at around 18 months - posterior: closes at around 2-3 months

What happens if the Fontanels close too early?

- misshapen head - brain damage

What can a depressed fontanel indicate?

dehydration

What is Caput Succedaneum?

a benign, common swelling of the scalp in newborns, often caused by pressure during a head-first delivery, that usually resolves within a few days without long-term effects

What is Cephalohematoma?

collection of blood (is normal, will be absorb later)

What is Lanugo?

extra hair (hairy baby)

What is Vernix?

a white creamy film on a newborn

What is Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis?

blue/gray spots on the posterior area of the newborn

What is Port-wine stain?

a patch of redness on the face of the baby - blood vessels are too close to the surface - treated with laser therapy (can start almost immediately)

What is Strawberry hemangioma?

a red bump - shrinks and goes away on its own

What is Telangiectic Nevi?

- stork bite or angel kiss - collection of blood vessels that leave a red patch - goes away on its own