Assessing Heart & Neck Vessels Flashcards
Why is the LV the “workhorse” for CO?
it’s pumping blood to the rest of the body
True or False: the LV muscle is the thickest
True
What happens if the right side of the heart fails?
Blood does not oxygenate in the lungs and creates backflow leading to JVD
What happens if the left side of the heart fails?
pulmonary edema
What is Preload?
amounts of myocardial stretch before contraction (end of diastolic pressure)
What is Afterload?
the mount of resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole/contraction
What is the assessment of Preload?
- Increased preload= fluid volume overload (edema)
- Decrease preload = fluid volume deficit (dehydration)
What is the assessment of Afterload?
- Increased afterload= vasoconstriction and increased BP
- Decreased afterload: vasodilation and decreased BP
What medications do you give to someone experiencing decreased afterload?
ACE inhibitors and BETA blockers
What provides oxygen for the heart?
coronary arteries
What is ischemia?
lack of oxygen, lack of blood flow
What is infarct?
blockage in one of the coronary arteries and cause cell death
What is the assessment related to Ischemia?
pain
What is the assessment of Infarct?
loss of function
What is the rate of SA Node?
60-100
What is the rate of AV Node Intrinsic?
40-60
What is the rate of Ventricular Intrinsic?
20-40
Why do pass out when the electrical conduction of the heart fails?
not enough O2 to the brain and the brain “shuts off” the body
What happens if the eleectrical conduction of the heart does not originate from the SA NOde?
AV node beomees the pacemaker; rate rate; concerns of decreased perfusion - dizziness, LOC
What happens if the electrical conduction to the atria is erratic and irregular?
Atrial: flutters (A-Fib)
Can someone walk around with A-Fib? What about Ventricular fibrillation?
Yes, someone can walk around with A-Fib, but not for ventricular Fib
The heart fills during systole or diastole?
diastole
What are the extra sounds of heart sounds called?
S3 and S4
P-wave is what?
Atrial Depolarization/Contraction
What is QRS?
Ventricular Depolarization/Contraction & Atrial
What is T-Wave?
Ventricular Repolarization/Resting
What happens if the coronary arteries cannot perfuse the myocardium with blood and ultimately, oxygen?
Ischemia –> Infarct
Once tissue ischemia occurs, what happens to the electrical conduction of the heart?
conduction stops
What is Stenosis?
doesn’t open properly
What is Regurgitation?
doesn’t close properly
Regurgitation causes ________. What happens to the blood?
backflow
What is non-palpable?
jugular vein
What does it mean when the JV is visible at >45 degrees?
right side heart failure - fluid volume overload
What are bruits in the arteries?
blood flow, the “whooshing” - the turbulence of blood
What is the turbulence heard in the heart called?
murmurs
What can cause a visible pulsation of the apical pulse?
hypertrophy
S1 correlates with each _____ pulsation
carotid
What valves are closing for S1?
Tricuspid and Mitral valves
What valves are closing for S2?
Semilunar valves
What is the order of auscultating the valves?
Aortic
Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Mitral
(A Poor Tired Monkey OR All Physicians Take Monday)
What is a thrill?
palpated turbulence
What is lift or heave?
inspected hypertrophy, increased pressure/volume
What are Clicks?
Systloic /ejection sounds
What are Snaps?
diastolic /opening sounds
What are Gallops?
S3 and S4 are diastolic extra sounds
What are Rubs?
rubbing sounds, inflammation
Is diastole before or after S2
after
