Neurologic System Flashcards
What is Mydriasis?
dilated pupils
What is Miosis?
Small pinpoint pupils
What is Anosmia?
Partial or full loss of smell
What is PERRLA?
Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accommodation
What does accommodation mean?
Near = constrict
Far = dilate
What can cause Miosis?
overdose on opioids
What is -esthesia?
the feeling or sensation of
What is Dysarthria?
difficulty speaking (caused by muscular problems)
What is Dysphagia?
difficulty swallowing
What is Dysphasia?
difficulty understanding words or putting words into a sentence
What is Aphasia?
difficulty understanding words or putting words into a sentence
What is Apraxia?
Loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movements despite having the ability and desire to perform them
What is Ataxia?
Impaired coordination
What is Tremors?
Continuous rapid twitching of resting muscles
What is AMS?
altered mental status
What is Delirium?
confusion, that can develop over hours or days – altered mental status
What is Dementia?
a term for several progressive diseases that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities
What is Encephalitis?
inflammation of the active brain tissues
What is Meningitis?
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Symptoms of Meningitis
Fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, nausea/vomiting, confusion/altered mental status
What is Peripheral Neuropathy?
damaged nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord
What is Strabismus?
eye misalignment
What is Nystagmus?
rhythmic oscillation of the eye
What is Proprioception?
also called kinesthesia - this is the awareness of the body in space
What is Ischemic stroke?
blockage of a blood vessel in the brain
What is CVA? (other than a stroke)
medical condition where blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain tissue damage
Cardiac cause of stroke?
A-Fib (blood clot will form in the left atrium and travel to the left ventricle to the aorta to the carotid)
What is Hemorrhagic stroke?
rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
What are the two different kinds of stroke?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
What chronic condition can cause hemorrhagic stroke?
HTN
What does FAST mean in regards to stroke?
FAST: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911
What are the symptoms of a stroke?
- sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg
- sudden confusion
- sudden trouble seeing out of one eye or both eyes
- sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- sudden severe headache with no known cause
What are the risk factors
- HTN
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Poor diet
- Women using (estrogen) oc
- Obesity
- Conditions that cause inflammation
- Genetics
- Diabetes
- Sleep disordered
What are the mean teachings to prevent stroke?
- control cholesterol, BP, and diabetes
- exercise 30min a day
- choose lean proteins
- choose low-fat dairy products
- eat fruits and vegetables
Frontal lobe responsible for?
personality and thinking
Parietal lobe responsible for?
process taste, texture, temp
Temporal lobe responsible for?
process smell, taste, sound
Occipital lobe responsible for?
process images
Thalamus responsible for?
sensory relay
Hypothalamus responsible for?
autnomic/homeostasis
Pituitary Gland responsible for?
is the endocrine master
Name components of the physical exam for Neurological assessment
- mental status
- cranial nerves
- sensory-motor
- reflexes
What is a Glascow Coma Score?
used to evaluate the level of consciousness after a brain injury
Which cranial nerves are in the forebrain?
I and II
What is Cerebella Ataxia?
wide-based, staggering, unsteady gait
What is Parkinsonian gait?
shuffling gait - stooped over posture with flexed hips and knees
What is Scissors gait?
stiff, short gait - thighs overlap with each step
What is Spatic hemiparesis?
flexed arm held close to body while client drags toe of leg or circles it stiffly
What is Footdrop?
client lifts foot and knee high with each step and cannot walk on heels
What is Decorticate posturing?
Flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
What is Decerebrate posturing?
Extension of all four extremities
Older adult considerations for neurological assessment
- impaired cognitive function (memory, processing speed, executive function, language)
- sensory decline (vision, hearing, taste, smell, tactile)
- motor function (coordination, tremors, gait)
Older adults have an increased risk for: (neurological)
- Dementia
- Parkinsons
- stroke
