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Wine Geography > New Zealand > Flashcards

New Zealand Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the southernmost wine growing region in New Zealand (and the world)?

A

Otago

Being the most significant part, Central Otago comprises Gibbston to the west, Bannockburn centrally, Alexandra to the south and Wanaka to the north.

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2
Q

What is the main grape of Central Otago?

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Gris and Riesling are also successfully grown here.

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3
Q

What is the main feature of Central Otago’s climate?

A

Continental Climate

The area has a notably continental rather than maritime climate. This means that the summers are sunny and dry.

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4
Q

What are the two biggest climactic threats to successful viticulture in Otago?

A
  • Frosts - Frosts are a threat the whole year round and can slow the ripening of the grapes.
  • Brightness - Grapes can mature too quickly with the unnatural intensity of the sun here.
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5
Q

What is advantageous about Otago’s climate when growing Pinot Noir in particular?

A

The summers and autumns are so dry that even Pinot Noir rarely suffers from fungal disease.

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6
Q

What are the features of Otagan soil?

A
  • Well irrigated
  • Low water-holding capacity
  • Light, fast draining loess with some gravel over schist.
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7
Q

What are Alexandra’s features?

A
  • Southernmost in Otago
  • Relatively cool
  • Planted in 1860’s and then in 1973
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8
Q

Name Alexandra’s notable producers

A
  • Black Ridge
  • Grasshopper Rock
  • Two Paddocks
  • Drumsara
  • Judge Rock
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9
Q

What are Bannockburn’s defining features?

A
  • The heart of Central Otago
  • At the meeting point of Kawarau Gorge and Cromwell Valley
  • One of the most intensively planted subregions in NZ
  • Relatively warm
  • Former gold-mining country
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10
Q

Name some of Bannockburn’s best known producers

A
  • Felton Road
  • Carrick
  • Bald Hills
  • Wooing Tree
  • Quartz Reef
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11
Q

What are Gibbston’s defining features?

A
  • Western Otago
  • Very cool
  • Vines planted on North-facing slopes of Kawarau Gorge
  • In longer growing seasons, wines here have the most complex flavours of all in NZ
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12
Q

Who are Gibbston’s most notable producers?

A
  • Peregrine
  • Gibbston Valley
  • Chard Farm
  • Mount Edward
  • Valli Vineyards
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13
Q

What are the defining features of Wanaka?

A
  • Northernmost in Otago
  • On Lake Wanaka where the risk of frost is at its lowest
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14
Q

What is Wanaka’s most notable producer?

A

Rippon

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15
Q

Where is Waitaki Valley?

A

In the northeast corner of Otago, at the border with Canterbury

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16
Q

What is special about Waitaki’s soil?

A

The presence of Limestone

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17
Q

What are the biggest challenges to growing grapes in Waitaki?

A
  • Perennial frost
  • Cold winds during flowering
  • Young vines
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18
Q

Name a producer who plants in the Waitaki valley

A

The Pasquale Winery

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19
Q

How can wines from Otago generally be described?

A
  • Reds are generally described as being **very ripe, fruit forward **and intense.
  • Whites are **crisp **and fragrant
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20
Q

What’s the next region north of Otago?

A

Canterbury

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21
Q

What are the main grapes produced in Canterbury?

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • Chardonnay
  • Riesling
  • Sauvignon Blanc
22
Q

What are the climactic features of Canterbury?

A
  • The entire region is very cool, and the wind is constant.
  • The region is frequently struck by rain.
23
Q

How does Canterbury’s topography generally affect the climate?

A
  • The plains around and south of Christchurch are very windy and exposed.
  • The undulating land north of here (around Waipara) is well shielded against the winds.
24
Q

What’s the soil composition like in Canterbury?

A
  • In the plains, silty over gravel, sometimes covered with thin Loess.
  • Waipara is mostly calcerous loam with clay and limestone deposits.
25
Q

To which famous terroir can Canterbury be likened (in parts)?

A

Burgundy

26
Q

Name some reputable producers in the region of Canterbury

A
  • Bell Hill
  • Pyramid Valley
  • Fiddlers Green
  • Waipara Springs
  • Black Estate
  • Tiki
  • Pegasus Bay
27
Q

How can wines of Canterbury be generally described?

A
  • Reds are **Fruity, spicy **and fresh
  • Whites are slighty **sharp, **with **mineral **and lemon.
28
Q

What are the northernmost wine-growing regions on the south island?

A

Marlborough (north east) and Nelson (north west)

29
Q

What are the principal grapes of Marlborough?

A

**Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc **and Chardonnay

30
Q

Where are the soils in Marlborough young?

A

North of Highways 6 and 63

(which run east-west through the Wairau Valley)

31
Q

Where are the Marlborough soils old?

A

South of Highway 63

The older soil here is too poorly drained for fine wine, but higher ground in the region can produce some good pinot noir.

32
Q

What are the unique features of Marlborough’s climate?

A

The unusual combination of longs days, cold nights, bright sunshine and (in good years) dryish autumns.

33
Q

What is the average growing-season temperature in Marlborough?

A

15.4°C

34
Q

Name some subregions in Marlborough

A
  • Upper Wairau
  • Brancott Valley
  • Lower Wairau
  • Renwick
  • Rapuara
35
Q

Which Marlborough subregion is drier and cooler?

A

Awatere Valley

36
Q

What are the Wairau Valley’s best known/most significant producers?

A
  • Cloudy Bay
  • Mount Riley
  • Drylands
  • Brancott Estate
  • Wairau River
  • Greywacke
  • Seresin Estate
37
Q

What are Awatere Valley’s best known/most significant producers?

A
  • Yealands
  • Clos Marguerite
  • Blind River
  • Vavasour
  • Tupari
38
Q

How can wines of Marlborough be generally described?

A
  • Pinot Noir is fruity and lively
  • Sauvignon Blanc is **fragrant **and **sharp **with **citrus, green fruit **or fresh grass
39
Q

What is the southernmost wine-growing region in New Zealand’s north island?

A

Wairarapa

40
Q

What are Wairarapa’s principle grape varieties?

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Pinot Gris

As well as being most abundant (seconded by Shiraz), it is also the north island’s most successful shot at high quality Pinot Noir

41
Q

What is the quality of the region’s soil?

A

Thin, poor soils on free-draining deep gravels, silts and clay.

42
Q

What is the most prominent wine-making town in Wairarapa?

A

Martinborough

43
Q

What are the prevailing features of Wairarapa’s climate?

A
  • It’s very cool
  • Thanks to the mountains to the west though, it’s also very dry.*
  • It has a large diurnal temperature variation
44
Q

What is Wairarapa’s main wine style?

A

It produces Pinot Noir sometimes comparable with that of Burgundy

45
Q

What are Wairarapa’s most notable producers?

A
  • Ata Rangi
  • Kusuda
  • Dry River
  • Borthwick
  • Matahiwi
46
Q

Where is Hawke’s Bay?

A

On the south-east of the north island

47
Q

What are the two largest towns in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Napier on the coast and Hastings a little further south, inland.

48
Q

What is Hawke’s Bay’s principle wine style?

A

Due to the area’s relatively high temperatures and low rainfall, Hawke’s Bay produces a very convincing and successful attempt at Bordeaux style reds.

Shiraz/Syrah is also very successful here.

49
Q

Why are the soils so successful in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Despite being incredibly varied in quality, there are soils of poor enough quality to allow for controlled irrigation.

50
Q

What are some of the most notable producers in Hawke’s Bay?

A
  • Alpha Domus
  • Te Awa
  • Crossroads
  • La Collina
  • Mission
  • Vidal
  • Trinity Hill
51
Q

How can wines of Hawke’s Bay be generally described?

A
  • The reds are **elegant, structured, fruity **and **juicy **and with good potential for aging
  • The whites are richer and fuller than those of the south island

Wine Geography (14 decks)

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