new urban landscapes - urban policy and urban regeneration (Liverpool)

Question 1

urban policy

Answer 1

since 1979
strategies chosen by local/ central government to manage urban development and reduce urban problems
key element of urban policy in UK since 1980
early strategies focus on top-down economic regeneration

Question 2

Liverpool One (2008) - background information

Answer 2

1980s - experienced industrial decline as docks closed (didnt have space following containerisation for large cargo ships)
as a result higher levels of crime, vandalism, and unemployment
economic and social deprivation

Question 3

Liverpool One - social changes

Answer 3

retail and leisure activities (170 shops and cinemas)
new businesses and office flats - 55,000 (2019)
hotel/ accomodation (Hilton)

Question 4

Liverpool One - economic change

Answer 4

visitor and tousist economy worth £4.9 billion
seen average growth of 6.5% annually
brings in movie and TV shows for filming (e.g., Batman and Dr Who)
brought investment around £19 million

Question 5

Liverpool - Environmental

Answer 5

more than 140 trees planted across key roads
living green wall - 65m (longest in UK) - seeks to increase green space, air quality and support health
extracts over 100kg of carbon
creates more waste for landfill

Question 6

successes

Answer 6

successfuly changed perspective (from failing city) - attraccting visitors
economy boosted and more investment brought in
transport links improved (integration of large bus station carrying thousands in and out of city weekly)
reduced crime

Question 7

Criticisms

Answer 7

pushed poverty outwards to the suburbs
increased house prices (increase 21% 2022-26)
people pushed out due to expensive housing