China in Africa

Question 1

the influence of China

Answer 1

Big growth past 25 years due to manufacturing consumer goods
seeking to influence countries outside their borders
investing in Africa - spread wealth by influencing
Western TNCs wary of investing in Africa - instablility (e.g., civil wars)
range of primary resources (e.g., metals and oil) to support industrial expansion
e.g., copper mines in Zambia and Botswana
evidence helping develop infrastructure (education and healthcare)

Question 2

The role of China

Answer 2

1964 - group of 77 and China (joined when considered less developed)
used membership to work with others
reduce poverty
increase influence in world affairs
powerful alliance to group

Question 3

China in Africa

Answer 3

$526 million dam in Guini
China buying allies
2015 - £12 billion to Africa
invested $3 billion
estimated 10,000 Chinese companies in Africa
the source of labour and resources for China
significantly aided by establishment of Chinese military base in Southern Africa

Question 4

BRI - Kenya

Answer 4

Costed almost $600 million for road infrastructure
$500 billion loan from china for railway (goes across eastern africa)
china is Kenya’s largest trading partner
will take time for railway to be cost effective
to unlock new trading routes and connections

Question 5

Has china been a success

Answer 5

largest development scheme undertaken by single country
way to achieve domestic and economic interest
over 10 years nearly $1 trillion been invested
establishing industrial zone - brings more investment
local employment, increased wages in some places
2019-22 - $104 billion in bailing out countries who had gone through BRI investment

Question 6

Role of South America

Answer 6

mostly middle income - populations and incomes growing
Latin America (LatAm) - 2 distinct trading blocs
possibility of two merging

Question 7

Mercosur (1991)

Answer 7

trading bloc in South America
Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela
similar to EU - free movement of labour ‘common market of the south’
view EU and north America main trading

Question 8

Pacific Alliance (2011)

Answer 8

Chile, Peru, Columbia, Mexico
more open to making bilateral agreements
Asia and North America main market
growing more quickly in terms of individual economies and volume of trade

Question 9

What is China trading in/ building in Africa

Answer 9

copper mining - south Africa $1.4 billion (electronics)
railway (moving resources) - Kenya $14 billion
Hydropower dam - Angola $3 billion

Question 10

Infrastructure projects developed in Africa - Desertec

Answer 10

$520 million
solar panel system and wind farms across Sahera desert
could supply most of northern africa and 15% of European electricity

Question 11

Infrastructure projects - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam

Answer 11

$5 billion
on blue nile (tributary to Nile)
generates 15,000 Gwh/year of electricity
could start civil disputes (limits Egypt’s water supply)

Question 12

Infrastructure projects - BRICS cable

Answer 12

$1.4 billion
34,000km submarine, fibre optic cable system linking cities in BRICS (brazil, russia, india, china, south africa) with USA
reducing reliance on links across Europe and northern Atlantic