far place - Liverpool Flashcards
location
northwest England, near river Mersey
transport - John Lennon airport, lime street station
Manchester, the Wirral, Warrington
population growth
overall increase from 19th century from under 100,000 to around 450,000
met its peak in 1931
social characteristics - education
around 30% with higher education qualifications
around 67% with GCSEs
GCSE 5 or more A*-c (2016) - Liverpool around 48% (england around 54%)
Social characteristics - crime and anti-social behaviour
156% higher than regional crime rate
June 2017 - over 2000 cases of crime
70% higher than national crime rate
Social characteristics - health
around 1/4 yr 6 students classed as obese
generally under national average (e.g., smoking related deaths)
men in most deprived areas estimated life expectancy 10 years shorter than least deprived
almost 9% reported health as bad/ very bad (self report)
social characteristics - deprivation
4th most deprived local authority area in UK
most severe deprivation in inner core
estimated over 1000 people homeless on daily basis (2022)
economic characteristics - unemployment and employment
2022 - unemployment rate of 4.5%
2016 - around 64% employed (national average 74%)
3.3% out of work benefit claimants (national average 1.8%)
economic characteristics - house prices
average house price £116,000 (lower than Uk average)
average sale property in Liverpool fell by £1100 2022
Employment structure
26% public sector
74% private
ethnic characteristics
white - 91%
asian - 3%
black - 1.9%
early plans for redevelopment
high rise tower blocks from 1960s demolished ‘slums in the sky’
new, planned housing estates planned and built with leisure space, green space, pedestrian friendly, less industrial, stronger community feel
‘right to buy’ council houses - thatcher policy
3 parks (e.g., everton park)
investment in education and social services reduced to pay urban regeneration
managed decline - government policy in which they considered for Liverpool to allow it to fall into disrepair in order to focus on other areas (70s and 80s)
liverpool regen - albert dock
early 19th century - trading centre with port
end 19th century - very busy industry
1960s - derelict due to urban decline
regenerated from 1980s - Merseyside development corporation
flagship prokect - big development by the gov to regenerate and redevelop urban environments, designed to attract investments
retial, housing, restaurants, Tate museum
now thriving (6 million visitors yearly)
Regeneration - Marina
area declined and derelict in 1960s
converted to nice apartments
yacht clubs
no affordable housing
Liverpool One
flagship development - contributed to appeal of the city
Liverpool £1 billion shopping, residential, leisure development area
partnership scheme - property group and local council
fully opened 2008
600 apartments and 5 acre park
contributed to regeneration of Liverpool city centre works closely with local police to ensure a safe shopping and leisure environment
Bottom up regeneration projects (church)
from lowest level of hierarchy to the top
project rosemary - more affordable housing and women’s hospital which improves health by church
cathedral park - built by church, accommodation
Liverpool perceptions of place
re-imaging - disassociates place from pre-existing image
rebranding - redeveloped and marketed to gain new identity
regeneration - long term process reverse urban decline and create sustainable communities
perceptions in past
crime
deprived
inequality - racial (toxteth riots)
unsafe
dirty
boring
perceptions now
lively, music (the beatles)
musical heritage (beatles museum)
historic
regenerated
modern
post-modern
representation of Liverpool - Salthouse docks painting (Atkinson Grimshaw) 19th century
pollution (murky)
cobbled streets and lighting - affluence and investment
tall ships - industry and trade
busy docks - employment
secondary artistic source
same area but different era shows changes overtime
success of government policy investing into trade/ failure of government in protecting people against decline
Maggies children poem - Jimmy Bongo (1980s)
written in 2018
referring to 1980s Liverpool
written by 52 yr old male who grew up in North Liverpool
highlighting the heroin epidemic that hit the nation’s council estates in 1980s
due to industrial decline
under conservative government
negative view of conservatives from mainly working class in liverpool
The liverpool saga - Roger McGough and the people of Liverpool
acknowledging peoples connections to liverpool - vast differences in perceptions and connection to place
‘not all our years were filled with pride and glory’ - acknowledges dark past of Liverpool and connection with slave trade and how this constructed modern day Liverpool
ferry across the mersey - pacemakers
busy - fast moving
welcoming - strong sense of community
