NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Question 1

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Answer 1

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

*There is a need to re-instill democratic values in government. Citizens are not customers. Administration ideas should be filtered in the Constitution in order to be effective. The previous paradigm of NPM concentrated on issues of efficiency and productivity while being at odds with tenets of democracy. Citizens should not be treated as customers but instead as citizens.
The goal should go beyond seeking to attain efficiency and productivity.
Values entail democracy, the public interest, civic engagement/citizen participation.
Differs from NPM in that it seeks to empower and inform the citizenry as opposed to NPM which seeks to empower the executive, bureaucrat, or agency workers.

Question 2

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Answer 2

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

NPS places citizens at the center (Denhardt and Denhardt, 2007).

Question 3

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Answer 3

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Proposes NPS as an alternative to NPM and the Old Public Administration. New Public Service draws it inspiration from democratic political theory (especially as it is concerned with the connection between citizens and their government) and alternative approaches to management and organizational design. Stresses participatory democracy by citizens. Administrators should seek citizens advice and input.

Question 4

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

The two primary themes of NPS

Answer 4

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

The two primary themes of NPS are (1) advance the dignity and worth of public service and to (2) reassert the values of democracy

Question 5

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

Answer 5

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are
-Serving Citizens and Not Customers: Public servants jobs go beyond responding to the needs of customers. They should also focus on building relationships of trust among citizens. Government should be especially sensitive to the voice of citizens. Citizens demonstrate a concern for the larger society and their commitment goes beyond narrow short-term self-interests. Citizens are active and engaged and willing to take responsibility for what takes place in their neighborhood. In turn, government bust me responsive to their needs.

Question 6

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

Answer 6

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

-Seek the Public Interest: Public administrators must ensure that the public interest prevails and that identified solutions are consistent with democratic norms of justice, fairness, and equity. An important implication of seeking the public interest is that government’s purpose is different from that of business. This calls into question the tenets of NPM such as market mechanisms and self-interested citizens. Government’s job is to enhance citizenship and serve the public interest whereas business is efficiency, economy, and productivity.

Question 7

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

Answer 7

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

-Value Citizenship and Public Service Above Entrepreneurship: The role of the administrator is not rowing or steering customers, but in serving citizens. Public administrators must involve citizens in the development of policy—through active, authentic participation. Participation informs policy making and also builds the capacity of the citizens i.e. empowers citizens. Government agencies should strive to offer the highest quality possible within the parameters of law and accountability and such efforts should be grounded in the idea that the relationship between citizens and government is central.

Question 8

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

Answer 8

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Some principles that underline NPS are

-Think Strategically, Act Democratically: Policies and programs meeting public needs can be best attained most effectively through the collaborative process. Citizens participation should extend to framing issues and policy implementation. Citizens and government have a mutual responsibility to identify problems and implement solutions.

Question 9

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Serve Rather than Steer

Answer 9

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Serve Rather than Steer: Public Administrators must use value-based leadership in helping citizens in helping citizens articulate and meet their shared interests rather than attempt to control and STEER society in new directions. STEERING denotes empowering public administrators to steer the boat-choosing its goals and directions and charting a part to achieve them. In administrators attempt to STEER, they have forgotten who owns the boat. According to King and Stivers (1998), the government belongs to the people. An increasingly important role of the public servant is to help citizens articulate and meet their shared interests rather than to attempt to control or steer society in new directions.

Question 10

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Serve Rather than Steer

Answer 10

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Serve Rather than Steer

Public administrators should focus their responsibility to SERVE and empower citizens as they management public organizations and implement public policy. The emphasis should not be placed on either steering or rowing the government boat, but instead on building public institutions marked by integrity and responsiveness. This entails listening and being sensitive to the needs of citizens. Administrators must share power with citizens) and lead with passion, commitment, and integrity in a manner that respects and empowers citizenship. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION MUST BE MADE BASED ON THE NEEDS OF CITIZENS; BASED ON THE MOOD OF THE THOSE BEING SERVED.

Question 11

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Serve Rather than Steer

Answer 11

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt Janet, V., & Denhardt, Robert b. (2007)- The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering (Expanded ed.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Serve Rather than Steer

-Value People, Not Just Productivity: There are people within the public agency who are there for purposes of serving the public. The goal is to identify these people and bring out the best I them.

Question 12

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Cooper, Terry. (1991)

Answer 12

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Cooper, Terry. (1991). An Ethic of Citizenship for Public Administration
Citizenship involves responsibilities. The person who acts as a citizen must assume a positive role in the betterment of society as a whole. The citizen acts in pursuit of the common good and in accord with core values of the political system-participation, equality, and justice. When a citizen becomes an administrator they assume the role of “citizen-administrator” not only being a citizen but working for the citizenry. His/her ultimate goal is to deliver public goods and services in ways that enhance the common good of the community.

Question 13

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Gardner, John. (1991). Building Community: Washington D.C.: Independent Sector

Answer 13

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Gardner, John. (1991). Building Community: Washington D.C.: Independent Sector
Members of a good community deal with each other humanely, respect individual differences, and value the integrity of each person. A good community fosters an atmosphere of cooperation and connectedness. There is a recognition by the members that they need one another.

Question 14

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Answer 14

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization
People concur that community is a worthwhile objective and should draw people together in common undertakings. Community is based on caring, trust, teamwork, bound together by a strong and effective system for collaboration, communication, and conflict resolution.

Question 15

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Answer 15

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Between citizens and government there must be a health and active set of mediating institutions that serve simultaneously to give focus to the desires and interests of citizens and to provide experiences that will better prepare citizens for action in the larger political system. –family, work groups, churches, neighborhood groups, voluntary organizations, and social groups help establish relations between the individual and larger systems.  Only within these small groups can citizens engage one another in the kind of personal dialogue and deliberation that is the essence of community building and democracy itself.  When communities are actively engaged, the prospects for improvements in education, urban poverty, crime and health care are increased. Democracy is more likely to succeed when there is active and engaged civil society

Question 16

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Answer 16

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

To the extent that people are willing to become informed and assume their role as citizens, those in government must be willing to listen and to put the needs and values of citizens first in our decisions and in our actions. They must reach out in new and innovative ways to find out what citizens are concerned about and respond to those needs that citizens believe will improve their lives.

Question 17

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Answer 17

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Denhardt (2008)-Theories of Public Organization

Unlike NPM, which is built on economic concepts such as the maximization of self-interest, the new public service is built on the idea of the public interest and the idea that public administrators serving citizens and indeed becoming fully engaged with those they serve. An engaged and enlightened citizenship is critical to democratic governance.

Question 18

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Sandel, Michael. (1996). Democracy’s Discontent

Answer 18

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE
Sandel, Michael. (1996). Democracy’s Discontent

Government fulfills its responsibility to citizens by assuring that procedures are in place to guarantee that government operates according to democratic principles (through voting, representation, due process) and that the rights of individuals, such as the right of free speech or the right to privacy, are protected. The citizen’s right is to develop the capacity to pursue their own self-interests and to respect other’s rights to do so as well. Government exists merely to mediate the specific personal and collective interests of those in society.

Question 19

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Sandel, Michael. (1996). Democracy’s Discontent

Answer 19

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE
Sandel, Michael. (1996). Democracy’s Discontent

The role of the citizen is to look beyond their own self-interest and to the larger public interest. It is one that takes a more long-term perspective. The citizen should have a knowledge of public affairs and a sense of belonging, a concern for the whole, a moral bond with the community whose fake is at stake.

Question 20

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

DeLeon, Peter. (1997). Democracy and the Policy Sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press

Answer 20

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

DeLeon, Peter. (1997). Democracy and the Policy Sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press
The policy sciences have strayed from their original intent of supporting democratic processes and have in fact contributed to the decline in democracy. Needed is a participatory policy analysis that would engage analysts and citizens in a mutual quest for solutions to important public problems.

Question 21

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

CRITIQUES OF THE NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Answer 21

CRITIIQUE OF THE NEW PUBLIC SERVICE
Democratic Network governance has come to exist in PA. This entails multiple different actors working together in aim of achieving some public good. Such actors include government agencies, businesses, nonprofits, community organizations, advocacy groups, schools, schools, charitable organizations and professional groups. Concerns have arisen regarding how network governance structures-arranged in horizontal structures-can best be structures and work together and operate in line with democratic ideals. Issues of accountability are difficult to uphold because issues of accountability is difficult in these non-tradition horizontal structures (as opposed to the traditional top-down hierarchical structures.

Question 22

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

CRITIQUES OF THE NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Answer 22

NEW PUBLIC SERVICE
CRITIQUES OF THE NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

Goldsmith and Eggers (2004) stipulate that governing by networks is the new face of the public sector. Authority and responsibility are dispersed and accountability is difficult to attain. Network managers must possess skills such as an aptitude in negotiation, trust building, collaboration, and project management. They must possess the capacity to work across boundaries and across sectors; They must have the skill to respond flexibly and creatively to ever-changing circumstances.