NEW PROSTH MD Flashcards by Hisham Abughoush

TOOTH that the bridge attaches to is called what?

abutment

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an intermediate abutment ( abutment supported bridge by itself) is called?

pier

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2 types of teeth bridge should not be on

endo treated

perio teeth

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ideal crown to root ratio

1 C: 2 R

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minumum crown to root ration and uneccaptable one

1;1

2;1 = poor

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antes law states?

PDL surface of abbutment teeth should be equal or greater than imaginary PDL surface area of missing teeth

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failure of antes law, what should happen?

splingting teeth

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what should be done when replacing canine?

central and lateral should be splinted together to prevent lateral drifting of bridge

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T or F diverging multiple curved roots are preferred over fused conical rounded roots?

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what is COMBINATION SYNDROME

edentulous maxillary and partial edentulous mandibular

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cement retained vs screw retained

which one allows minor angle correction?
more economical
more chair time?
good maintenance?
cause peri-implantitis?

cement:
- angle correction
- more economical
more chair time
excess cement= PERI IMPLANTITIS!!!

SCREW: good maintenance

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what controls setting rate in alginate?

trisodium phophate

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position of condyles in CR?

most anterior and superior

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cr or mi more reliable?

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on an articulator, what does hinge axis simulate?

TMJ

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what are the 2 angles you want on semi-adjustable articular

bennett angle= 15 degrees

HCI (horizontal condylar inclination): 30 degrees

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alginate cats vs elastomeric material casts

which material is more accurate for each bite registration?

alginate: wax records
elastomeric: PVS or ZOE paste

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what represents condylar guidance and incisal guidance on articulate?

condylar: HCI ( horizontal condyl inclination)
- post determinatnt of conclusion
HCI : steepness of articulator surface of temporal bone related to horizontal plane

incisal guidance: pin and guide table articulator
- anterior determinnant of occlusion

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what is canine guidance?

when lateral mvmnts cause post teeth to disclude when contact on upper and lower canine on working side happen

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what is anterior guidance

incisal and canine guidance

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during protrusive movements, ___ provides clearance for all posterior teeth

incisal and condylar guidance

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during lateral, canine on working side and condyle on balancing side provide what?

clearance for post teeth on balancing side ( side mandible moving away from)

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where is hamular notch?

right by virbrating line ( google it)

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retromolar pad contains attachment from what 4 muscles? ***

temporalis
buccinator
superior pharyngeal constrictor
pterygomandibular raphae

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the area between mandibular alveolar ridge and tongue

alveololingual sulcus

what provides support for denture in mandible?

buccal shelf

most to least common to get frenectomy ? lingual labial buccal

Labial > buccal > lingual LaBuLi

most common area for flabby hypermobile ridges?

anterior maxilla

overextended flange causes what?

epulis fissuratum ( hyperplastic tissue)

papillary hyperplasia ( ill fitting denture) caused by what PATHOGEN?

candidiasis

cpmbination syndrome has bone absorption in the anterior edentulous maxilla when opposing what teeth?

mandibular ANTERIOR only

when is the only way root tips may be left alone?

if they have intact lamina dura and no r/l !

patient has illfitting denture and hat.what do they have?

pagets diseae

WHY is tori removal done?

if created undercut and affects posterior seal

what is christenson phenomenon?

distal space created b/w max and mand occlusal surface when mandible protruded A gap occurring in the natural dentition or between the opposing posterior flat occlusal rims when the mandible is protruded (posterior open bite). It can lead to instability in full dentures unless compensating curves are incorporated into the dentures.

balanced occlusion: what should be avoided in terms of guidance? what should the balancing side have in terms of what cusps occlude with what teeth ? what should working side have?

anterior guidance shoud be avoided balancing: max lingual cusps contact lingual incline of mand buccal cusps working side: max lingual cusps contact facial incline of mand lingual cusps and mand buccal cusps contact lingual incline of max buccal vusps

what is the only occlusion we want on a denture?

lingualized occlusion: palatal cusps max post teeth contact mand posterior teeth ( eliminates destabilizing buccal force

curve of spee vs curve of wilson

Spee: anteroposterior curve, ensure loading into long axis of each tooth; more MESIAL inclination as move distally wilson: mediolateral curvealong posterior cusp tip to ensure loading into of each tooth more LINGUAL inclination as move distally

resistance to VERTICAL seating forces is called ?

support

what provides support for mandible and maxillary?

mand: buccal shelf/ retromolar pad max: palate/ alveolar ridges

what part of denture gives support?

base

resistance to HORIZONTAL dislodging forces

stability

what provide stability for upper and lower arch

ridge height | depth of vestibule

what part of denture provides stability

denture flange

resistance to VERTICAL dislodging forces is called what? and what part of denture provides it?

retention | peripheral seal

better saliva, thick and ropy or thin and watery?

thin and watery

what is surface tension?

combination of adhesion and cohesion forces

if denture is extended too far back occlusal forces would ___ the denture

dislodge

if a denture flange is too short it causes a lack of ___

retention

what are 2 parts of heat-cured acrylic

PMMA: polymer ( powder) | MMA= monomer (liquid)

liquid inhibitor called?

hydroquinone

initiator in PMMA powder

benzoyl peroxide

when processing denture. more shrinkage occurs when?

there is excessive monomer

ideal ration of monomer to polymer

1:3 monomer= liquid polymer= powder

when does porosity happen?

underpacking with resin or being heated too rapidly

T or false, acrylic teeth have better retention

T because can bond to acrylic resin

more brittle acrylic or porcelain?

porcelain

what is the function of major conenctor on denture?

provide RIGIDITY

most rigid maxillary major connector

complete palatal plate

least rigid of maxillary major connector

horeshoe | only use if have tori

all major connectors should cross midline at what angle?

right angle

function of beading and when would you do it?

only for max major conenctor | .5mm round groove across boarder prevent food impaction

when lingual vestibule depth is < 7mm

lingual plate

patient walks in and needs denture. he is missing a canine and has bad period. what would you make him?

labial bar swinglock

purpose of rest?

SUPPORT: directs forces through long axis

occlusal rest: MD width? intercuspal width? depth?

1/3 MD 1/2 IW 1.5mm deep

cingulum rest seat: MD length? labiolingual width? depth?

2.5-3 MD 2 LL width 1.5 deep

guide planes: Buccolingual width? how far does it extend?

1/3 BL | 2-3 mm vertically down

Indirect retainer ROTATIONAL movement centered around lien drawn in most ___ rests (m or D)

Distal

what does indirect retainer do?

provides bracing to resist rotational movement of distal extension area

Rest, minor conenctor, retentive clasp arm, reciprical clast arm which one is retention, stability, support, ?

restminor connector and reciprical: stability rest: support retnetive clasp: retention

T or F retentive clasp is above HOC

false BELOW

where does retentive clasp engage and how does it work

engage undercut resist dislodging forces only when dislodging forces applied to them

reciprical clasp engages where? function?

contacts tooth ABOVE hoc and survey line braces abutment tooth so not torqued by retetntive clasp

Suprabulge vs infrabulge clasp design

Supra: akers, ring, embrasure (originates above survey line) infra: I bar, T bar ( originates below survey line)

where does retentive and reciprical clasp orginate from?

minor connector and rst

when yndercut is adjacent to bounded edentulous space what type of clasp do you use ?

ring clasp

what makes up clasp assembly ex: RPA, RPI, RPC

rest, proximal plate, clasp type

a patient is periodontally compromised and has endo treated teeth. what clasp system do you use ?

wrought wire

what is RPD material made of

cobalt-chromium

main reason why clasps break??

cold-working : mainupulating metal at ambient temperatures

a secondary place is on what cusp?

fucntional cusp

what are the 3 principles of tooth preparation

mechanical ( most important) biologic esthetic

stopping removal of crown from sticky foods is called?

retention form ( removing along long axis)

preventing removal of crown by horizontal, oblique, or apical forces

resistence form

most operator control is by what?

tapering ( less tapering = better retetntion)

minimum height or length of teeth

3 mm = incisors / pm | 4mm= molars

minimum ration of height to base:

if you have short clinical crown, what to do for retention and resistance?

buccal grooves for retention | proximal grooves resistance

for metal crown minum thickness for | non contact areas? margin?

non contact= 1 mm margin= .5 contact= 1.5 ( occlusal of tooth)

whats more important redcuction or clearnace ?

clearance ! | both 1.5- 2

``` which margin has best seal? featheredge light chamfer heavy chamfer shoulder ```

featheredge

``` which margin for pfm crown featheredge light chamfer heavy chamfer shoulder ```

shoulder for porcelain

``` which margin for ACC crown featheredge light chamfer heavy chamfer shoulder ```

shoulder

#1 lab complaint?

tooth underresduced so lab overbulks

what is 3/4 7/8 crown and why used?

hybrid b/w onlay and crown and conserves tooth structure

what type of occlusal point contacts do you want for occlusion in terms of size and shape?

broad | flat

``` which one requires enough VDO at least 2 mm hygeiene saddle/ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ```

hygenic

``` which one should never be used due to bad hygiene hygeiene saddle/ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate ```

saddle/ ridgelap

``` which one has marginally better esthetic used for molars hygeiene saddle/ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate ```

conical

``` which one is used for anteriors ? hygeiene saddle/ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate ```

mod ridge lap

``` which one requires surgery and is best for ant esthetics hygeiene saddle/ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate ```

ovate

conenctor for PFM bridge should have a minum of __ mm height

3 mm

tissue manigment for fluid control. what is the medicine called?

atropine ( antisialagogues)

chemical formula for viscostat and hemodent

``` ALCl = hemodent FeSO4= viscostat ```

most inaccurate impression material?

irreversible hydrocolloid ( alginate)

what is imbibition

absorption of water

what is syneresis

loss of water

impression with the best fine detail?

PVS ( addition silicone )

GYPSUM is mines as ____ and manufactures as __

calcium-sulfate dihydrate 2H2O | calcium-sulfate hemihydrate 1/2 H20 ( hit got rid of some water)

1, 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 which gypsum material is the best one ?

type 4

1, 2 ,3 ,4 , 5 which gypsum material is used for impression (mounting) plaster?

Type 1

1, 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 which gypsum material is used for model plaster

1, 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 which gypsum material is used for dental stone

extra water needed to obtain workable mix of material?

gauging water

``` how water affects: strength porosity expansion setting time ```

``` more water: less strength more orosity less expansion increased setting time ```

best one) 1, 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 which gypsum material is used for mouth guards or essex retainers?

least amount of expansion 1,2,3,4,5

4 (that is why it is thebest)

How to decrease setting time qith: water amount water temperature spatulation time

: hot water, less water, increased spatulation time

what are 3 noble metals ?

GOld Platinum Palladum SILVER PRECIOUS METAL NOT NOBLE!!

which noble metal is tarnish resistant? gold platinum palladium

gold

which noble metal incr strenth ? Gold platinum palladium

platinum | palladium

which noble metal increases melting temp gold platinum palladium

platinum

which metal causes greening of porcelain?

silver

what is high noble alloy made of?

> 60% noble, at least 40% gold

what is noble alloy made of

> 25% noble

base metal alloy made of?

<25% noble

type 1 gold alloy example and composite of gold?

98-99% class V restorations only/ soft

type 2 gold alloy example and gold percentage?

77% inlay

type 3 gold example and percentage?

72% | crowns

type 4 gold example and percentage?

69% RPD casting (STRONGEST !!!) LESS GOLD= STRONGER

the ability to resist fractures during compression is called what?

compressive strength

abilitiy to resist fracture during pulling called?

tensile strength

ability to resist fracture during bending

flexural

what material has the best fracture toughness?

zirconia

prime example of material being very brittle?

Porcelain ( fractures easy without substantial dimension changes)

what is ductility and what is a prime example?

wires deforms under tensile strength (pulling)

deforms easily under COMPRESSIVE strength

malleability | gold

percentage elongation is the ability to be what? and what is an example

burnished contact stress exceeds yield strength of material GOLD

order of greatest to least coeffecient of thermal expansion

Composite, metOl (amalgam), Tooth, cEramic | COTE

which coefeccient of thermal expansion is closes t to tooth gold, porcelain, amalgam, composite?

GOLD gold = 14 tooth = 11.4

``` desirable mechanical properties : yield strenth? elastic modulus? casting acuracY? biologic compatibility? CTE? ```

- High yield strength ( does not permanently deform) - high elastic modulus: does not flex - casting accuracy: gold is more accurate than base metal - NI and BE allergies - CTE: closest. to tooth

msot common dental metal alergy?

best material for provisional?

Bis-acryl composite ( integrity)

why cleaning provisional cement is imperative

Eugenol : inhibits polymerization of resin !!

in order to bond porcelain to metal, what must be present ?

monomolecular oxidative layer !!!! porcelan oxide layer ( in middle) Metal

in order to bond porcelain to metal, what must be present to connect the 2 ?

monomolecular oxidative layer !!!! porcelain an oxide layer ( in middle) Metal

for occlusal contact, occlusal contact must be at least ___ mm away from porcelain-metal junction

> 1.5 mm

metal-ceramic failures: cohesisve failures within ocide-oxide happens if what?

oxide layer TOO THICK

adhesive failures in porcelain - metal is due to what?

oxide layer was not formed

why do PFM bridges fracture easy?

porcelain low ductility

for ACC CROWNS, glass infiltrated ceramics etched with what? and treated with what after?

HF acid !! ( not phosphoric) | Silane coupling

zirconia crown, what material do you use ? ``` zinc oxide eugenol Zinc Phosphate Zinc polycarboxylate GI RMGI Resin cement ```

Luting Cement : RMGI , GI: zirconia = ceramic with no glass

``` Porcelain veneer *** : how much gingival third reduction? facial reduction? incisal reduction? how deep into dentin? ```

- .3 mm gingival third - .5 mm facial reduction - 1-2 mm incisal INTRA ENAMEL!! Not in dentin

what is a maryland bridge? differnece from conventional bridge?

resin-bonded bridge conventional bridge: more removal of tooth structure

most important color system value hue chroma

value

saturation or intensity ? hue value chroma

chroma

color family? hue value family

hue

lightness or darkness hue value family

value 0- black 100- white

color appears differnt under different lighting metamerism fluorescence opalescence

metamerism

light effect of a translucent material appearing blue and reflected red-orange in transmitted light metamerism fluorescence opalescence

opalescence

shade slection for : middle third of crown cervical third of crown incisal third of crown chroma, hue, value

value first chroma second hue lat

when picking characterization alywas pick something with (high/low) amount of (value, chroma, hue)

HIGH VALUE!!! can always add color and make darker but not the reverse

for crown delivery what is the number 1 thing you check ??

shade (esthetics!)

what type of bonding for temp crown? ``` zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI ```

ZOE ( inhibirts polymerization of resin) temp cement

``` when putting on zirconia crown what do you use? zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI ```

RMGI

a zirconia crown uses what ``` zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI resin cement ```

GI/ or RMGI (LUTING CEMENTS) luting: ceramcis with no glass

``` PGM or FMC uses what type of agent? zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI ```

GI/ RMGI luting cement because luting for those without glass ceramics

lithium disulcate (EMAX) uses what agent? ``` zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI Resin ```

Resin Cement: Rely X bonds dentin, usd with cermaics with glass in them

``` ACC crown what used ? zinc polycarboxylate Zinc Phosphate Zinc Oxide Eugenol GI RMGI Cement ```

Resin Cement : rely X remember etch with HF acid !!

Lithium DIsilicate (emax) , Metal, Veneers (feldpathetic porcelain), Zirconia which one is resin and which one is luting?

Resin: LIthium disilicate (emax) and Veneers (Feldpathetic) there are chemical bonded to dentin Luting: GI. or RMGI Zirconia and Metal crowns

when investing ) making negative by covering wax with investment material: *** what is material used for gypsum bonded investment? Phosphate bonded investment Silica bonded inviestment

gypsum bonded: gold phosphate bonded: PFM Silica bonded: base metal

porosityof porcelain happens when what?

inadequate CONDENSING of porcelain

porosity of acylic happens when?

too fast heating

shrinkinkage porasity of metal happens when?

sprue too THIN prevents moleten metal from flowing into mold

back pressure porosity of metal happens when?

sprue too SHORT

what is the purpose of ditching the die?

expose the margin of prep

what is the purpose of die spacer?

allows room for cement