MD PATIENT MANAGEMENT Flashcards
do no harm
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
nonmal
truthfullness
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
veracity
do good
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
beneficence
patient autonomy is respect to patient what 2 things?
self determination
privacy
getting informed concent is dependent on what?
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
AUTONOMY
consent: share info and obtain consent
if you do not obtain informed consent, what can you be tried with?
assualt and battery
who are considered minors?
under 18
can minors give consent?
NO
can give implied cosnent or assent but not acutal consent
a minor who is amancipated wants to give consent. can they?
yes !
they are free from care and control of parents
what are 5 ways a minor can give consent?
emergenchy situation
married
parent
pregnant
military
how long to keep patients charts and record?
as long as possible
most essential component of risk management?
documentation
a dentist who does not know how to do a case but attempts it anyways is violating what?
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
nonmaleficence ( do nor harm)
taking continuing education course goes under what category
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
nonmaleficence
acting for others is an example of
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
beneficence
providing public services is example of
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
beneficence
a dentist who slanders another patient is violating which ethic code?
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
justice (fairness)
a dentist advertisement claims “ I do the best witeneing in the planet” this is violating which code of ethic?
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
veracity
veracity
statute of limitations
laws that set maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated
occurence rule ?
statute of limitatins starts to run after injury or malpractice occured ( clock starts ticking)
statute of limitations starts to run after injury or malpractice discovered
discovery rule
victim may not reasonably discover the injury until a considerable length of time has elapsed after the negligent act was committed
what is the standard of care?
the MINIMUM acceptable care
what is an expert testimony?
expert who has expertise in dentistry and can testify to existing STANDARD OF CARE and how it was breached by defendany
what is good samaritan act?
offers legal protection to health professionals who would provide reasonable assitance to people who are injjured, ill. in peril
mutual sense of trust and oppeness is called?
rapport
active listening examples
lean forward
repeat back (PARAPHRASE)
FACE PATIENT
EYE CONTACT
what is the first and most common nonverbal communication reaction?
eye and eyebrow movement
T or F saying “dont worry” is bad sign of verbal communication
T
do not falsely reassure
which of these should you NOT use
leading quewstions
open ended questions
closed questions
leading questions
do not direct patients rsponse a certain way!
a question such as “ do you need meds today?” is an example of
open ended question
closed question
leading question
probing
closed question
how should multiple treatment plans be presented to patient?
DESCENDING ORDER OF DESIRABILITY
most -> least
after presenting a tmnt plan, how should we asess patient level of understanding ?
TEACH-BACK method
what are the ABC of behavior change
A: antecedent: factor that facilitates ( causes) behavior
B: behaviour: behavior itself
C: consequence: result of behavior (good or bad)
a main is eating and gets food stuck between his teeth. He flosses to keep himsef from getting bacteria accumulation so he can be healthy.
Food getting stuck is an example of:
consequence
behavior
antecedent
ANTECEDEDNT: factor facilitates behaviour
a main is eating and gets food stuck between his teeth. He flosses to keep himsef from getting bacteria accumulation so he can be healthy.
patient not getting cavities in that area example of:
consequence
behavior
antecedent
consequence
WHAT ARE THE 5 STAGES OF CHANGE
- PRECONTEMPLATION: not considering change
- CONTEMPLATION: begins to consider
- PREPARATION : expresses desire
- ACTION: engaged in taking action
- MAINTANENCE : attempt to maintain change
PC- PAM
you speak to someone on the street about a cleaning the patient states “ could you tell me more about xrays? what are the pros and cons?
PRECONTEMPLATION:
CONTEMPLATION:
PREPARATION :
ACTION:
MAINTANENCE :
contemplation
patient at the dental office states that “ the first step is i am going to stop going to the candy jar when i pass by it”
PRECONTEMPLATION:
CONTEMPLATION:
PREPARATION :
ACTION:
MAINTANENCE :
preparation
patient states “ i made an appointment to have my teeth cleaned”
PRECONTEMPLATION:
CONTEMPLATION:
PREPARATION :
ACTION:
MAINTANENCE :
action
he actually made the appt
cognitive perception that you can execute behavior for given situation:
self efficacy
behavioral modeling
social reinforcement
SELF EFFICACY
cognitive = internal !!! (thoughts)
I want to stop smoking. my surrounding friends dont smoke so it is easier. what principle is this?
self efficacy
behavioral modeling
social reinforcement
behavioral remodeling
learn from models around you
positive social Consequence:
self efficacy
behavioral modeling
social reinforcement
social reinforcement
social ( external)
what is social cognitive theory and what are 3 examples ?
motivation to change behavior is influenced by several factors
- self efficacy (enternal preception that you yourself can execute behavior)
- behavioral modeling: learn from models around you
- social reinforcement : positive social consequences ex: praises, smiles, etc (external)
a patient truly belives he wont get cavities that is why they will not act on it. this is an example of what?
percieved susceptibility
a patient believes thy are susceptible to problems they will do something about it. this is an example of what?
cues to action
what are the 3 major types of BEHAVIORAL LEARNING?
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: neural stimulas associated with natural respone ( dog hears whistle for food)
OPERANT CONDITIONING : response increased or decreaed due to reinforcement or punishent ( mouse pullin level for food)
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING: learning occurs through observation of others
pavlovs dog is an example of what?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
a patient walks into the office. they are absulotely terrified of going to the dental office. they are about to do a restorative procedure what is an example of unconditional stimulus in this situation and unconditional reaction?
pain from neefle : US
anxiety: UR
a patient walks into the office. they are absulotely terrified of going to the dental office. they are about to do a restorative procedure what is an example of neutral stimulus in this reaction?
dental chair
white coat
(NS: no real response)
after the procedure. describe how a patient becomes fearful of an unconditiones stimulus such as a chair or white coat when they come back to the practice?
patient now has an UNCONDITIONAL RESPONSE (anxiety) associated with a NEUTRAL STIMULUS (chair) with an UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (pain from needle)
a patient starts to brush their teeth after the dentist tells them that brushing your teeth can stop you from getting a cavity filled. EX of what?
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT:
do good thing remove bad stimulus (brushing stop cavity)
OPERANT CONDITIONING MODEL: modifying behavior
a unruly child walks into the clinic. you promise them that if they behave they can get a prize. this is an example of what?
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
do good get rewarded
a unruly child walks into the clinic. you tell them not to moce around or they could get hurt. patient starts to move and bur punctures their cheek. what is this an example of ?
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
do something bad and get punished ( basically do something and recieve consequence)
another example guy eat spoiled food and gets a stomach ache
a unruly child walks into the clinic. you give the kid a prize to calm down. kid does not behave so it is taken away. what is this an example of?
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
NEGATIVE PUNIHSMENT
do bad and remove good stimulus
ASKING AN ANXIOUS OR UNCOOPERATIVE CHILD TO OBSERVE THEIR SIBLING EXAMPLE OF WHAT?
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
board ?
what is the premack principle?
telling a kid we will only read bedtiem story if they floss
( making behaviour that has higher probability of being performed contingent pn something that has a lower probability of being perfomred)
internal vs external motivation
which one is more successful at changing behavior
IM: more successful. failed but knew you tried your best
EM: failed so you blamed the teacher
percon centered counseling style to assist in resolution from ambivalence ( not caring) to change
motivational interviewing
WHAT DOES OARS STAND FOR IN MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING?
board ?
O: OPEN QUESTIONS
A: AFFIRMATION
R: REFLECTIVE LISTENING
S: SUMMARIZING
match motivation interiewing terms :
exploring motivation, goals, values,
ENGAGING, FOCUSING, EVOKING, PLANNIG
FOCUSING
FORMING A RELATIONSHIP:
ENGAGING
FOCUSING,
EVOKING
PLANNIG
engaging
elicint their own motivations:
ENGAGING, FOCUSING, EVOKING, PLANNIG
evoking
exploring how one might move towards change
ENGAGING, FOCUSING, EVOKING, PLANNIG
planning
sustain talk
change talk
commitment talk
favors change
ready to chance
not ready to change
ST: not ready
CT: favors change
Commit Talk: ready to change
percieved threat to ones well being
Stress
anxiety
STRESS
T or F an anxious person is more likely to sit still and not talk during procedure?
T
anxious patients typically require more __ to be comfortable
interpersonal space
1 stress management for patients
1 = TRUST
let patient know what to expect
patient can raise hand to break
use a timer
2 stress management
COMFORT
be empathetic :
i can see that ..
it seems like …
it soundsl ike …
diaphragmatic breathing is deep breathing triggerieng psysiologic relaxation response. this is an example of what stress management ?
COPING (use cognitive behavioral intervention
tensing and relaxing of muscle groups focusing on differensce between tension and relaxation. this is called what? example of what stressm management?
progressive muscle relaxation
COPING
copin stress management:
diphragmetic breathing and muscle relaxation
stress management using systemic desensitization chart?
basically managing anxiety throug relaxation. you expose patient to heirchy of increasing feared stimuli and you pair relaxation response with it until fear is diminished
decrease in response that occurs as a result of repeated or prolonged exposure to conditional stimulus
HABITUATION
4 KEYS OF COGNITIVE APPRASIAL OF THREAT ? ***
board ?
CONTROLLABILITY: how controllable siuation is
FAMILIARITY : how familir the situation is
PREDICTABILITY
IMMINENCE : if situation seems to be approaching near
child behavioral management 5 things
child oriented environment
ask them to be helpers
tell-show-do
ask about fears
count
pain involves what 2 things ?
cognition (acquiring knowledge)
emotion
what people are more likely to report pain and discomfort?
anxious
what is useful for ongoing assessment of pain experience in children
wong baker faces pain scale
start with simpler procedure or bigger procedure to get it out the way?
always start with simpler and least invasive procedure
nitrous oxide what you feel before and after ?
before: TINGLING
after: NASEUA
study of distribution and determinants of disease
public health or epidemiology
epidemiology !
DMFT:
what is it?
measure of? (public heath or epidemiology)
reversible or irreversible?
DMFT is the sum of the number of Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth in the permanent teeth.
epidemiological
IREVERSIBLE
what are EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MEASURE and are they irreversible or reversible ***
board ? !!
IRREVERSIBLE: DMFT (measures caries)
REVERSIBLE: GIngival index, Perio index, Oral hygeien index
components of DMFT:
DMFS: decayed missing filled surfaces due to caries
DEFT: decayed, extracted filled teeth due to caries
DMFT: decayed missing filled primary teeth
rememver these are epidemiological irreversible measurs
measure gingival index?
0= normal
1= mild inflammation
2= moderate inflammation
3= severe inflmmation , ulcerated tissue
periodontal index?
ORAL HYGEINE INDEX
good
fair
poor
periodontal disease is disease of what?
gums
early childhood caries
previously called what?
what is it defined as?
baby bottle tooth decay
1 or more DMFS between birth and 71 months of age
5% infant and todler population
early childhood caries mostly occurs what age?
mostly involves what teeth?
3-5
max incisors and molars
MOST COMMON ORAL CAVITY CANCER SITE ?
tongue
PRIMARY SECONDARY AND TERTIARY PREVENTION EXAMPLES? ***
board ?
PRIMARY: sealants and flouride (diseae before occurs)
SECONDARY: restorations ( elimate after occurs)
TERTIARLY: prosthodontics ( rehab after disease)
WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND PRACTICAL PREVENTITIVE MEASURE OF TOOTH DECAY?
board ?
community water flupridation !!!
OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF FLUORIDE PER L OF WATER??
1 ppm !! ( 1 mg fluroide per L water)
fluoridated water becomes odorless, colorless, tasteless when proper range of ___ to __ ppm?
.7 - 1.2 ppm
how many people in US live in flurpidated communites?
210 million ( 74%)
school water fluroidation vs community water fluouridation
COMMUNITY: 4.5x concentration
best fluroide method for developing countries?
salt flupridation
200-350 mg flupride per kg slat
flupride treatment for children > 3
Tablets and lozanges
fluoride treatment for children <3
Drops
flupride tmnt for >6
mouth rinse
rules when not to use supplemental fluoride?? **
RULE OF 6
no supplemental systemic flurpde if
fluouride level in drinking water > .6 ppm
Patient is < 6 months old
Patient is > 16
which fluroide is best for smooth surfaces?
TOPICAL FLUORIDE
This fluoride is used as an antimicrobial as well but causes STAINING
stannous fluoride
what is fluroide lethal and toxic dosage?
RULE OF 5 !!
TOXIC : 5 mg/ kg
LETHAL: 5g for adult
sealants are recommended on what teeth?
first and second permanent molars for children
T or F. Education is the best method for diseaes prevention
false!!!
behavioral modifications is a better method
MAIN CAUSE OF CARIES AND PERIO DISEASE ?
board ?
DENTAL PLAQUE !!!
children under what age should be supervised when brushing with flupride?
6
T OR F flossing does not prevent tooth decay
T!
it does NOT prevent tooth decay but helpful for gingival health !!!!!!
what is the most important measurement of consuming sugar?
frequency
amount
******
frequency !!!!
WASH HANDS MINIMUM OF HOW LONG?
FLUSH ULTRASONIC MINIMUM HOW LONG?
boards ?
15 SECONDS
20-30 SECONDS
contact via fomite from instrument, clothing, furniture is what type of route of transmission
direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
parenteral contact
INDIRECT CONTACT
CONTACT VIA NEEDLE STICK WHAT TYPE
direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
parenteral contact
PARENTERAL OCNTACT ( IV, IM, SUBCUTANEOUS)
contact via PERSON is what type of transmission
direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
parenteral contact
direct contact
match hepatitis with way of transmission
Hep: A,B,C,D,E
fecal-oral,
contaminated blood
direct contact
A,E: Fecal-oral
C,B: contaminated blood
D: direct contact only get if youve had B!!!!!
Contaminated Blood ; fEcAl-oral
which hepatitis has NO vaccine available ?
A,B,C,D,E
hep C
but prophylacis available
HOW DO WE DIAGNOSE HIV?
board ?
when antibodies to HIV detected in blood by ELISA test
Percutaneous injuries (PI) pose the greatest risk for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The most serious exposures include ?
Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
Hep D
Hep E
HIV
TB
hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV.
which is DNA and RNA Virus?
Hep A, B, C, D
HIV
TB
B: DNA virus (Dane particle)
C: and HIV: RNA
which hepatitis has highest risk transmission for percutaneous injury?
Hepatitis: 30%
hep C: 1.8%
HIV: .3 %
How is TB spread?
inhalation of infected droplets
is it okay for patient with active tb to have elective dental care?
NO
HOW FREQUENT SHOULD HEALTH CARE WORKERS HAVE TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST?
board ?
ONCE A YEAR !
WHO IS MOST AT RISK FOR EYE INJURY?
DENTIST
PATIENT
ASSITANT
DENTIST!
T OR F YOU CAN USE 1 GOWN FOR THE WHOLE DAY
T
T or F according to OSHA, dental workers must be offered free hepatitis C vaccines?
F
must be offered HEPATITIS B !!!!
what does osha say about clothing worn in the dental office?
CANNOT BE WASHED AT HOME!!
WHAT IS ROLE OF EPA VS OSHA?
OSHA: protects healthcare workers from occupational hazards (INSIDE OFFICE)
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): regulates transportation of dental waste outside offices. ( OUTSIDE OFFICE)
what is EPA establishment for max exposurel evels for Hg?
.1 ug/kg
sterilization is destruction of what 3 lifef roms?
bacteria
virus
spores
basically everything
sterlizaytion cavispray and wipes made of what ingredient?
GLUTARALDEHYDE
cold solution used for heat sensitive itames
PRESSURE STERILIZATION WHAT SHOULD TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, TIME BE?
how does it destroy?
BOARD ?
121 Celcius / 15 psi / 20 minutes
DENATURATION of proteins
DRY HEAT STERILIZATION: TEMPERATURE AND TIME? HOW DOES IT DESTROY BACTERIA?
160 FOR 60 MINUTES
COAGULATION OF PROTEINS
ONLY GLASS OR METAL OBJECTS
DISINFECTION VS STERILIZATION vs ANTISEPSIS
what do they kill?
how long do they require ?
used for innanimate or living object?
STERILIZATION (cavi):
all life forms (bacteria, virus, spores)
requires long time
DISINFECTION:
innanimate objects
doesnt kills spores but kills MYCOBACTERIUM TB
sit for 10 minutes then wipe
ANTISEPSIS:
living tissue
alcohol: denature protein
CHX: substantivity ( contunous effect)
Detergents: loosen and remove microbes
QUaternary ammonium compod (QUATS): lethal to all except ENDOSPORES and TB
most chance for injury at dental practice?
cleaning up
noninfectious wastes like cups, bibs, etc go where?
normal trash
spaulding classifcation system
CLASS 1, 2, 3 ?
1: CRITICAL: contacts sterile tissue ex: needle
2: semicritical: contact mucosa Ex: mirror
noncritical: contact skin: BP cuff (only requires disinfection)
biggest risk for mercury is what? how to treat spill?
inhalation
sulfer powder and vacuum
acute mercury toxicity signs and symptoms?
HYPOTONIA
ALOPECIA
WEIGHT LOSS
EXHAUSTIAN
LOW ENERGY, LOW MUSCLE, LOW HAIR, LOW WEIGHT
WHAT ARE 2 TYPES OF AIRBORNES PARTICLES?
ARE THEY VISIBLE?
SIZE?
FALL FAST OR REMAIN IN AIR?
PATHOGENS and infections THEY CARRY?
board ?
SPLATTER:
- visible >50um
- FALL within 3 feet of patients mouth
- carry blood-bourned pathogens
AEROSOLS
- invisible <50 um
- FLOAT in air for HOURS
- only carry r_espiratory infections_
HEARING LOSS CAN BE CAUSED BY WHAT DB?
> 90 dB
OSHA or EPA controls water lines?
EPA
EPA REQUIRES HOW MANY CFU (COLONY FORMING UNIT) OF HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA PER ML OF WATER?
<500 !!!!
WHO SUPPLIES MSDS? (MEDICAL SAFETY DATE SHEET)
from 0-4 whats most dangerous >
board ?
MANUFACTURER!!!!
not OSHA !!!
1- most severe
4- least severe
person with the insurance plan
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
beneficiary (myself)
the insurance company
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
benefactor
monthly payment you pay to have insurance?
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
premium
predetermined rate you pay at time of care
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
copayment
what insurance pays for dental services covered under contract
benefactor
beneficiary
benefits
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
benefits
predetermined rate you pay at time of care
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
copayment
what you need to pay before insurance kicks in
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
deductible
percentage of charge that you pay
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
coinsurance
the most you have to pay before isnurance covers 100% of bill
benefactor
beneficiary
premium
copayment
deductible
coisnurance
out-of-pocket maximum
out of pocket maximum
what are third party payers?
third party negotiates payments between providers and patients for services
Third party payers:
lists max amount a plan will pay for each procedure but allows dentists to charge more if they want
TABLE OF ALLOWANCE
FEE SCHEDHULE
USUAL CUSTOMARY RESONABLE (UCR)
TABLE OF ALLOWANCE :
if something is 150 and isnurance covers 100, then i pay 50
Third party payers:
reasonable fee based on geographic location
TABLE OF ALLOWANCE
FEE SCHEDHULE
USUAL CUSTOMARY RESONABLE (UCR)
UCR: incurance should cover most it
Third party payers:
lists of fees the edntist has agreed upon fir debtak servuces abd insurance will cover in full
TABLE OF ALLOWANCE
FEE SCHEDHULE
USUAL CUSTOMARY RESONABLE (UCR)
fee schedhule
DENTIST IS PAID PER RPROCEDURE :
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
FEE-FOR-SERVICE
COST OF TREATMENT IS ADJUSTED BASED ON PATIENT INCOME AND ABILITY TO PAY
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
SLIDING SCALE FEE
DENTIST CHARGES THE REMAINING BALANCE BETWEEN TOTAL FEE AND WHAT INSURANCE COMPANY COVERED
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
BALANCE BILLING
DENTIST IS PAID PREDETERNINED FIXED AMOUNT BEFORE TREATMENT IS PROVIDED
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
PROSPECTIVE REIMB (FQHC)
like working CHC
dentist is paid per capita ( fee for each patient seen)
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
HMO capitation plan
CAP ON HOW DENTIST IS PAID
capitation plan (HMO)
Sliding scale fee
fee for service
balance billing
prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
HMO (CAPITATION PLAN)
when is it dentists loss and dentists gain when these 2 correlate?
VALUE OF SERVICE and PAYMENT
board ?
Value > payment: LOSS
Payment > value: GAIN’
THIS IS CAPITATION PLAN (HMO) CAP ON HOW DENTIST IS PAID/ PAID BY NUMBER PATIENTS SEEN
this type of fraud is sperating of dental procdures into component parts
UNBUNDLING
this type of fraud is combining of dental procdures
BUNDLING
reporting more complex or higher cost procedure than actually performed
BUNDLING
UPCODING
DOWNCODING
OVERBILLING
upcoding
code changed to less complex or lower cost procedure than reported
BUNDLING
UPCODING
DOWNCODING
OVERBILLING
upcoding
charging more than legally or ethically acceptable
BUNDLING
UPCODING
DOWNCODING
OVERBILLING
overbilling
US healthcare:
MANAGED CARE EXAMPLE?
boards?
HMO
PPO
US health care:
GOVERNMENT HEALTH PROGRAMS
medicare
medicaid
CHIP
Indian Health cervies
veterans health admin
HMO
what is it?
how are doctors paid?
insurance that limits coverage to medical care providers thorugh specific providers who are under contract
CAPITATION PLAN ( paid per ptnt)
PPO
what is it?
how are doctors paid?
panel of providers agree to accept less than usual fees in exhcange for higher volume of patients
HMO VS PPO
higher provider choice?
pay higherp premiums ?
higher premiums: PPO
higher provider choice: PPO `
close panel vs open panel for dentists?
Open: dentists can see any patient
CLosed: dentist contracted and can only see members of the plan
ELDER ABUSE reported to what ?
board ?
Department of Health and Himan Servoces (HHS)
provides comprehesnive ear;y cjo;dhppd education, health, nutrition, to low income children and their families
Head Start
Medicare vs Medicaid
Medicare: elderly
Medicaid: destitute (poor)
does medicare cover dental care for the elderly?
NO
this act funds medical and dental cae for people woth HIV/AIDS
RYAN WHITE CARE ACT
this orfanization provides oral health surveilance , water fluoridation, cancer related ossies. and state support oral health
CDC
evaluates medical devices, drugs, and food based on efficacy and safety
FDA
biomedical and public health research organization
National Insitute of Health (NIH)
this agency measures quality of care at a location and acceass to care.
AHRQ
Agency for healthcare research and quality
what is considered CRITICAL spaulding classsification system
sterile tissue or vascular tissue.
requires sterilization
NEEDLES
what is considered semi-critical spaulding classsification system
contact MUCOSA
mirror
what is considered noncritical spaulding classsification system
contact skin
blood pressure cuff
destruction of spores:
sterilization
disenfection
Antisepsis
sterilization
used on living tissue:
sterilization
disenfection
Antisepsis
antisepsis
destruction of mycobacterium TB:
sterilization
disenfection
Antisepsis
