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mental dental > HEAD and NECK > Flashcards

HEAD and NECK Flashcards

1
Q

these cells form the placenta

A

trophoblast

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2
Q

primitive oral cavity is called what?

A

stomodeum

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3
Q

what do pharyngeal arches and somites give rise to?

A

PA: head and neck !!!what
somite: where body develops

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4
Q

sequence that embryo develops? cranial to caudal or caudal to cranial?

A

cranial -> caudal

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5
Q

the primitive anus is called what?

A

BLASTOPORE

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6
Q

what are the pharyngeal arches and what nerve they intervated by?

A 
1 (mandibular) - V 
2 (hyoid) - 7 
3- 9
4- 10 
6- not visible - 10
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7
Q

describe the development of the pituitary gland (post and ant)

A

stomedeum (prim. oral cavity) -> RATHEKES pouch - > ant pit

forebrain -> diencephalo -> post pit

slide 14

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8
Q

thyroid gland descends down neck carrying __ duct that connects to what foramen?

A

thyroglossal duct

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9
Q

a undescended thyroid sits at the base of the tongue as ___

A

lingual thyroid

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10
Q

the ear develops from what pharyngeal arch?

A

first and second !

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11
Q

what medication causes first and second arch defects ? and what does it affect?

A

ACUTANE (reinoic acid)

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12
Q

a patient with small ear and small mandible after taking this medication ___. what happened

A

acutane caused 1st and second arch defect causing

microtia and micrognathia

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13
Q

what happens first cleft lip or cleft palate?

A

cleft lip: 4-6 weeks

cleft palate: 6-8 weeks

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14
Q

how does cleft lip and cleft palate happen with these prominences

Mesial nasal prominence
lateral nasal prominence
Maxillary prominense

A

Cleft lip: MNP and MP anterior

cleft palate: MNP and MP posteriorly

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15
Q

a patient with cleft palate, hypocalcemia, adnormal facial features, cardiac abnormalities has what syndrome?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

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16
Q

what are the 6 features of diGeorge Syndrome

A 
Cardiac abnormalaties
abdnormal face
Thymic aplasia
cleft palate 
hypocalcemia
22q11 deletion

CATCH 22

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17
Q

during skull development __ cells form anterior skull and __ cells form posterior skulls

A

Neural Crest

Paraxial mesoderms

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18
Q

what are the 8 facial bones?

A 
zygomatic
maxilla
nasal
lacrimal
palatine
ethmoid ( sup, middle, inferior)
vomer
mandible
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19
Q

what are the 2 fontanellese that we have

A

frontal: located at junctioon of coronal and sagitaal
occipital: junction of lambdoid and sagittal

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20
Q

which suture closes 3-9 months after birth ?

frontal, coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

A

frontal

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21
Q

which suture fuses both parietal bones?

frontal, coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

A

sagittal

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22
Q

which suture fuses frontal bone with 2 parietals

frontal, coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

A

coronal

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23
Q

what fuses occipital bone with 2 parietals

frontal, coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

A

lambdoid

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24
Q

premature closure of fontanelles causes what?

A

aniosyntostosis ( elongated ant- post direction long football head)

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25
Q

which carniosynostosis caused by early closure of sagittal suture?

scaphocephaly, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly

A

scaphocephaly

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26
Q

which craniosynostosis caused by early closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures?
scaphocephaly, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly

A

brachycephaly

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27
Q

which craniosynostosis caused by early closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of skull

scaphocephaly, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly

A

plagiocephaly

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28
Q

primary function of sinuses ?

A

reduce weight of skull

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29
Q

how does angle of mandible change overtime ?

A

birth 150 degrees -> kids 140 degrees -> adu;t 120 degrees elderly - 140 degrees

ANGLE of mandible adapts to changes om alveolar process

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30
Q

common sites of fracture in skull?

A

LeFort fracture lines

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31
Q

what are 7 parts of ORBITAL BONE

A

FM PLESZ ( astronaut in orbit)

F: frontal bone
M: maxillary bone 
P: palatine bone
L: Lacrimal bone
E: ethmoid 
S: sphenoid bone
Zygomatic bone

NASAL NOT PART OF ORBIT!!

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32
Q

what CN passes thorugh ethmoid ?

A

CN 1 passes through cribriform plate

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33
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

sella turcica part of sphenoid bone

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34
Q

what are 3 components of nasal septum?

A

PVS

  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
  • VOmer bone
  • Septal cartilage
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35
Q

what drains into each

Superior, Middle, Inferior Meatus

A

sphenoid sinus, post ethmoid, sphenoplatine foramen drain into SUPERIOR

ant and middle ethmoid sinus , max sinus, frontal sinus (VIA SEMILUNAR HIATUS)

nasolacrimal duct -> inferior meatus

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36
Q

what drains into inferior meatus

A

nasolacrimal duct

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37
Q

where does frontal sinus drain?

A

middle meatus via semilunar hiatus

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38
Q

what foramens of V1 V2 V3?

A

V1 : supraorbital
v2: infraorbital
V3: mental forament

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39
Q

what houses CN 1?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone!!

babys crib smells bad

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40
Q

what is fascia

A

connective tissue that holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, and nerve

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41
Q

where are these CT located?

Superficial, visceral, deep

A

superficial: loose ct under dermis
deep: dense CT surrounds muscles, bonesm neres, and blood
visceral: suspends organs within cavities

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42
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED IN CAROTID SHEATH?

A

Common carotid
IJV
Vagus
Deep cervical lymph nodes

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43
Q

what is dolar?

A

pain

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44
Q

what is rubor

A

redness

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45
Q

what are normal vitals ? know this for board clinical questions

temp, BP, Pulse, RR,

A

temp: anything above 100
BP: above 120/80
pulse: above 100
RR: above 16

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46
Q

primary spaces vs secondary fascial spaces of infection

A

primary:

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental

Secondary (infected via spread of another fascia):

  • Submasseteric, pterygomandibular, Superficial/ deep temporal (MASSICATOR SPACE)
  • Paraphyngeal, retropharyngeal, danger, prevertobral ( DEEP NECK SPACE)
  • periorbital
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47
Q

most common space of dental infection??

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental
A

Vestibular space!!

remember infection goes down path of least resistance so when infection comes out apex goes out to tissue space rather than bone

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48
Q

infection of maxillary canines or incisors causes infection of where and between what muscles?

A

levator anguli oris and levator labii superioris

infection of lower eye lid and upper lip ( canine space between these 2 muscles so once infection gets in infects thing in that space)

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49
Q

infection of premolars and molars affect what space and clinical signs of that infection?

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental
A

BUCCAL SPACE

marked cheeck swelling

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50
Q

swelling caused by mandibular teeth from premolars to incisors on floor of youth affects what space? their roots are usually attached ABOVE what muscle?

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental
A

SUBLINGUAL SPACE

mylohyoid muscle to mylohyoid line (roots ABOVE mylo!!)

51
Q

swelling caused by mandibular second or third molars whose roots are BELOW this muscle

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental
A

submandibular space !!! ( below mylohyoid remember sublingual apex of teeth above)

52
Q

swelling evident below chin by mandibular incisors what space is affected

  • canine
  • buccal
  • vestibular
  • submandibular, Sublingual, submental
A

submental ( by mental foramen)

53
Q

a patient presents with bilateral swelling what does this patient have and which spaces are affected?
welling caused by mandibular second or third molars whose roots are BELOW this muscle
- canine
- buccal
- vestibular
- submandibular, Sublingual, submental

A

Ludwigs Angina

all 3 perimandibular spaces:
- submental, sublingual, submandibular

54
Q

a patient presents with lateral hourglass facial swelling. near maxillary second and third molars what space is affected?

  • submasseteric
  • pterygomandibular
  • superficial/ deep temporal
  • parapharyngeal
  • retropharyngeal
  • danger
  • prevertebral
  • periorbital
A
  • superficial and deep temporal ( secondary space)
55
Q

a patient presents with infection that involves trismus (lock jaw) around third molars, what space is infected?

  • submasseteric
  • pterygomandibular
  • superficial/ deep temporal
  • parapharyngeal
  • retropharyngeal
  • danger
  • prevertebral
  • periorbital
A

submasseteric

56
Q

pterygomandibular space dental source of infection is what teeth?

A

mandibular third molars

57
Q

treatment of space infections?

A

extraction or pulpectomy
incision and drainage
antibiotic

58
Q

muscles of mastication formed on what arch?

A

1st arch ( from paraxial mesoderm)

59
Q

muscles of facial expression formed on what arch? and what CN ?

A

2nd arch cn 7 !!!

60
Q

this muscles pulls forehead up and retracts scalp?

A

occipitofrontalis

Occipital and frontal

61
Q

this type of fibrous tissue forms middle layer of scalp and connects frontal and occipital bellies

A

Epicranial aponeurosis ( part of occipitofrontalis that spans from eyebrow to back of head)

62
Q

what muscles sits over temporalis muscle

A

temporoParietalis

63
Q

this muscle pulls up corners of mouth for smiling, laughing, teeth display

A

zygomaticus ( major and Minor)

64
Q

this muscles is used for closing eyelid and blinking

A

orbicularis Oculi

65
Q

this muscle elevates the upper lip

A

levator labii superiororis

66
Q

which muscle is used for both smiling and frowning?

A

orbicularis oris

67
Q

muscles puckers lips, compresses lips agianst teeth, used in speech

A

orbicularis oris

68
Q

pulls down corner of mouth

A

depressor angulis oris

69
Q

pulls down lower lip

A

depressor labii inferioris

70
Q

superficial muscle pulls down lips and mouth, wrinkles skin on lower face

71
Q

muscle overlaps SCM

72
Q

pouts lower lip, can displace lower denture, sign of lip incompetence if strained

73
Q

muscle draws eyebrows together

A

corrugator supercilii

74
Q

muscle that wrinkles bridge of nose

75
Q

tenses cheek to keep food between teeth

A

buccinator

76
Q

muscle flares nostril to compress nose

77
Q

what are SUPRAhyoid muscles

A

Google MAPS are super

  • Geniohyoid
  • mylohyoid
  • post belly of digastric
  • stylohyoid
78
Q 
which muscle depressses the tongue?
hyoglossus
Genioglossus 
Palatoglossus
styloglossus
A

hyoglossus

79
Q 
which one retracts  the tongue?
hyoglossus
Genioglossus 
Palatoglossus
styloglossus
A

styloglossus

80
Q

which muscle protrudes the tongue

which one depressses the tongue?
hyoglossus
Genioglossus 
Palatoglossus
styloglossus
A

genioglossus

81
Q 
which one elevates back part of the tongue?
hyoglossus
Genioglossus 
Palatoglossus
styloglossus
A

palatoglossus

82
Q 
what is each tongue muscle intervated by
hyoglossus
Genioglossus 
Palatoglossus
styloglossus
A

all cn 12 except palatoglossus cn 10

83
Q

what are these soft palate muscles innervated by?

  • palatopharyngeus
  • musculus uvulae
  • tensor veli palatini
  • levator veli palatini
    salpingopharyngeus
A

tensor palitini: CN v3!!

the rest cn 10

84
Q 
which one pulls pharynx and larynx upwards?
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini 
salpingopharyngeus
A

PalatoPharyngeus

85
Q 
which one opens the auditory tube?
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini 
salpingopharyngeus
A

tensor veli palatini ( tenses the soft palate)

86
Q 
which muscle closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini 
salpingopharyngeus
A

levator veli ( elvates soft palate)

87
Q 
what helps equalize air pressure>
- palatopharyngeus
- musculus uvulae
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini 
salpingopharyngeus
A

salpingopharyngeus

88
Q

this intraocular muscle helps acoomadate for near vision

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
  • dilator pupillae
A

ciliary muscle (changes lens shape)

89
Q

this intraocular muscle helps constrict pupil via MIOSIS

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
  • dilator pupillae
A

sphincter pupillae

90
Q

this helps dilate pupillae

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
  • dilator pupillae
A

dilator pupillae

91
Q

which muscle helps with miosis?

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
  • dilator pupillae
A

Sphincter pupullae ( constricts !!)

92
Q

which muscle helps with mydriasis

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
  • dilator pupillae
A

dilator pupillae ( this one uses SNS fibers!! remember SNS = dilate and psns= constrict)

93
Q

what nerves are parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland composed of

A

submand subling = 7

parotid = 9

94
Q

match the names of Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

whartons, stensons, bartholins

A 
Parotid= stenson
Submandibular = whartons
sublingual = bartholins
95
Q

which one most common to have sialothis Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

A

submandibular

96
Q

type of carilage articulating surfaces of TMJ are covered with?

A

fibrocartilage

97
Q

shape of articular disc?

98
Q

capsular ligament:

  • what is its function and what does it connect?
  • innervated or non-innervated
A

retains SYNOVIAL fluid
well innervated
bone to bone : B-L-B

99
Q

R valve of heart is called what?

100
Q

L valve of heart is called what?

A

mitral/ bicuspid

101
Q

carry blood away from heart

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

102
Q

transports and convereges to form veins arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

103
Q

carry blood back to heart

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

104
Q

resistence

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

A

arterioles

105
Q

xchange diffusion of nutriets and O2

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

A

capillaries

106
Q

part of heart that supples head and neck

A

aortic arch

107
Q

common carotid artery bifurcates between what part of cervical spine

108
Q

what artery feeds tmj

A

Superficial TEMPORAL artery

109
Q

this artery supplies all teeth

A

maxillary artery

110
Q

artery supplies all structures of head and neck

A

external carotid cartery

111
Q

this drains head neck and upper limb

A

brachiocephalic vein

112
Q

primary drain for brain and dural venous sinuses

A

internal Jugular vein

113
Q

provides majority of benous drainage of the face

A

facial vein ( no valves)

114
Q

cavernous sinus cintains passage of what strucutres

A

ICA, 3, 4, 6, V1, V2

115
Q

part of dura matter that splits that drains blood from brain and has no valves and lots of anastomoses !!!

A

superior saggital sinus

116
Q

forms ring around head and drain lymph from face and scalp

A

superficial cervical nodes

117
Q

4 parts of carotid sheets?

A

common cartoid artery
IJV
Vagus nerve
Deep cervial node

118
Q

which artery supplies muscles of mastication

A

maxillary artery

119
Q

what issue can happen if infection reaches this space by dental infection, scalp infection, infection from pimple>

A

cavernous sinus thrombosis

120
Q

which one limits protrussive movements. of mandible?stylomandibular, sphenomandibular, pterygomandibular, stylohyoid

121
Q

which one is embryonic remenant of meckels cartilage stylomandibular, sphenomandibular, pterygomandibular, stylohyoid

A

sphenomandibular ( arch 1)

122
Q

which one is embryonic remenant of reichter cartilage stylomandibular, sphenomandibular, pterygomandibular, stylohyoid

A

stylohyoid ( pharnygeal arch 2)

123
Q

what is calcified in eagle syndrome

which one is embryonic remenant of meckels cartilage stylomandibular, sphenomandibular, pterygomandibular, stylohyoid

A

stylo hyoid

mental dental (18 decks)

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