New Monarchies

Question 1

Contextualization
100 year war- French Vs. British

Answer 1

Kings on both sides are trying to centralize their power to fight in the war. Trade leads to rising merchant class, which creates power conflict with nobles. Secularism begins to rise, church is losing their power, monarchs need to figure out a new way to govern.

Question 2

Contextualization
Characteristics of New Monarchs

Answer 2

Monopolized tax collection, except for the nobles. Centralized the bureaucracy through more offices, appointing people the monarchs trust. Increase the standing army size, military power is the best way to have any power
Controlled justice system. Imposed religious unification, subjects have to follow catholic or protestant. Royal rights and privileges, excuse flaws of the royals. Relies less on representative parts of government.

Question 3

England
War of the Roses- Tudor vs Yorks

Answer 3

Henry Tudor (VII) marries Elizabeth of York, a peace treaty through marraige. Two kingdoms brought together.

Question 4

England
War of the Roses- Privy Council

Answer 4

Serious group of advisors, minitarure parliament, people who are not the nobles, but people they know they can trust. Excuse the noble families.

Question 5

England
War of the Roses- Count of the Star Chamber

Answer 5

Helps with ruling England and enforcing the laws. They use torture and intimidation to go through with stuff. King appointed them, there are no checks. Increases the king’s weath, they collect fines and pocket the money

Question 6

England
War of the Roses- Kings law

Answer 6

Creates national unity. People all have to follow the same rules and laws.

Question 7

England
War of the Roses- Diplomacy

Answer 7

Less war= less parliament. THey can’t tlel the king what to do because he’s not at war, gains independence from them

Question 8

England
Henry VIII- Marraige and Divorce

Answer 8

Marries Catherine of Aragon, he wants a divorce because she cannot birth a male. Anne Boleyn ends up pregnant, but he can’t be illegitimate. Can’t divorce, so he separates through the church, creating the Anglican/Church of England. Same as the catholic church, but they’re allowed to divorce, and won’t listen to the pope

Question 9

England
Religious Reforms- Act of Supremacy 1534

Answer 9

Henry VIII head of the church and head of the state. Takes land from the church that is not in use

Question 10

England
Religious Reform- Treason act

Answer 10

Must follow the new church. Catholics are executed, like St. Thomas More.

Question 11

England
Edward VI and Bloody Mary

Answer 11

Edward VI sone of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. Not well equipped because he’s young. Dies yougn. Bloody marry, Catherine of Aragon, spanish influence, so when she goes on the throne, she executes protestants. Creates loss of trust in the catholic church. Protestantism increases because of their backlash.

Question 12

England
Elizabeth I 1558-1603-

Answer 12

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Grows up watching the protestant and catholic chaos. Wants to be compromising to each religion. Seen as a virgin queen, loyal to the people and that’s it.

Question 13

England
Elizabeth I 1558-1603
Elizabethan Settlement 1559

Answer 13

She undoes Mary’s laws. “Supreme Governor of Spiritual and Temporal things” announces her as the head of the Anglican church. Creates the book of common prayer that everyone all over England is practicing, unifying anglican religion to consolidate power. Anglican church is controlled by monarch

Question 14

England
Elizabeth I 1558-1603
Threats

Answer 14

Puritans think that she isn’t doing enough to reform. Mary queen of Scots, very catholic, is posing threat to Elizabeth’s legitimacy.

Question 15

England
Elizabeth I 1558-1603
Foreign policy

Answer 15

Defeats Phillip II’s armada invasion. wants to weaken Spain because of their catholic influence on England.

Question 16

France
Politically and Economically

Answer 16

Nobility has the power, but merchants have the money, so the monarch allies with the merchants.

Question 17

France
Nobles of the Robe

Answer 17

King appoints people he trusts that are not threatening and gives them bureaucratic or law enforcement jobs, very similarly to England, but not as aggressive.

Question 18

France
Taxation

Answer 18

Adds taxes on things people need to live, like tax (Taille) on cultivated land, and tax on salt (gabelle). Centralizes power by taking necessary items, can’t escape taxation power of the king

Question 19

France
Religiously: Concordant of Bologna

Answer 19

Monarch is going to control religion. Ends up in an agreement, now the King can appoint bishops. King has heavy control over the church.

Question 20

Germany
HOly roman empire

Answer 20

Charles V (almost new monarch), huge catholic and protestant conflicts. Tries to force catholicism. End up peace treaty of Peace of Ausburg, letting people chose what they want to preach

Question 21

Russia
Ivan the Great

Answer 21

Militaristically strong, consolidates power as he drives out the mongolians. Creates the Sreltsy, a professional military

Question 22

Russia
Ivan the Terrible

Answer 22

takes the idea of military and turns it on the people to consolidate power. Uses torture, prison, and execution.Sp

Question 23

Spain
Political Unification

Answer 23

Unites Aragon and Castille, two Spanish provinces. Military and religious unification. Embarks on the Reconquista. Rounds up jews and Muslims to make them all Catholics. 40% of Spanish Jewish population is killed. Standing army replace knights from the feudal system.

Question 24

Spain
State controlled religion- Inquisition

Answer 24

Rid Spain of non-Catholics. Investigations through people, convert or torture them. Harsh. Even people who have converted there is still underlying suspicion.