New disease dillemas Flashcards
Covid Classification
Infectious Contagious
How long until covid was considered a pandemic
3 months
How many cases/deaths of covid 2021
7 million deaths
100 million cases
US/China deaths from covid
1.1 million
111,0000
Mitigation against covid China
Ac means more people have the resources to stay inside
6.7 beds per 1000 ppl
Good health insurance policies
Screening policies
Mitigation against covid US
Low vaccination uptake dispite AC
2.4 hospital beds per 100 people.
22m ppl arrive per year
What is the classification for malaria
Communicable, zoonotic
Global cases for malaria 2017
220 million
Malarias distrubution in ethiopia
endemic in 75% of land area.
70,000 deaths annually
Mosquito facts
Female anophales mosquito lays eggs in stagnant water sources such as after monsoon season.
most active between 18 - 40 degrees C
Top down mitigation of malaria
Insectacide treated nets 3.5 million distributed in 2015
Indoor residual spraying 700,000 houses sprayed
Grassroots mitagtion of malaria ethiopia
World malaria day
Zero malaria starts with me
Evidence of success malaria ethiopia
60% reduction in mortality
CVD stats
Above stage 3 of epidemiologic transition model
30-65% deaths
700,000 deaths 2021 US
Globesity stats
Over 30kg/m^2 BMI
Children in bottom income quintile 3x more likely to be obese than those in the top
Lung cancer in Uk
Lifstyle cause
2nd most common cancer in UK
mitigation against lung cancer uk
no smoking zones
packaging warnings
Lung cancer dropped 60% in last 40 years
4 in 10 diagnosed in stage 1
lung cancer india
environmental cause
8th worst air quality country
lung cancer india mitigation
encourage cokking with LPG but firewook is free
stop crop burning (enforcement)
NGO work in haiti
Red cross + crescent
National hand washing day and distribution of water purification tabs
Also negative effect of nepalese aid workers
Env factors of cholera haiti
Internal displacement due to eq and hurricances.
30% have access to clean water
Cholera classifiaction
Infectious bacterial
HIV classifiaction
Communicable
HIV stats
35 million worldwide living with it
Mitigation against HIV in SA
Mobile clinics
PREP medication
educating young women
how does the rosy periwinkle suffer from biopiracy
hundreds of millions produced in madigascar but profits go to US pharmaceutical giants
how can biopiracy be compated
fairtrade
laws to pay compensatory benefits
what is rosy periwinkle used for
helped increase childhood cancer servival form 10-90% from 1970
what is rosy periwinkle used for
helped increase childhood cancer servival form 10-90% from 1970
diabetes in china
WHO outline
offices in 150 countries
wokr with govs
helps research and set targets
Define contagious
Spreads thru direct or indirect contact
When and where was HIV discovered
1983 central Africa
Define communicable
Diseases which spread easily from host to host but do not require quarantine
Infectious definition
disease spread by pathogens
Non - infectious definition
diseases not spread from host to host but caused by external factors such as …
Non contagious definition
Pathogens spread by disease vectors
causes of influenza in eaurope
transmission most at 5 degrees C
weaker immune system in winter, lower vitamin D
what is hypertension
high blood pressure
cholera symptoms
appear within 2-3 days
dehydration, shock
fatal within hours
diarrhea, vomiting
haiti GDP
1800
Haiti cholera stats
700,000 contractions by 2015
Responses to cholera haiti
750,000 immunised
300 latrines serving 250,000 people
Patent definition
rights to produce drug for 20 years
GSK work
close to malaria vaccine
developing ebola vaccine
2 million vaccines per day to 160 countries
1 billion per year on research
GSK ethical policy
Re invest 20% of profits
Cap patented drugs to 25% of uk price in EDC countries
Grassroots approach to ginea worm
Working with women as they collect the water
educate value of filtering to avoid contamination.
Ginea worm stat
200,000 cases since 1990
Polio insight
vaccine developed in 1952
jonas silk didnt patent so was eradicated in 1988 in america.
Threats on medicianl plants
4000 plants threatened by deforestation
issues in commercialising cultivation
when was WHO establised
1948
