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Physics > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Define temperature

A

How hot an object is

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2
Q

Define thermal equalibrium

A

No net flow of thermal energy

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3
Q

Define internal energy

A

The sum of the randomly distrubuted kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within the substance

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4
Q

What happens during the melting or boiling point of a substance

A

Electrostatic potenial energy increases
Internal energy increases
Temperature stays the same

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5
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

Energy required per unit mass to change the temparature by 1K

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6
Q

Circuit uncluded in specific heat capacity

A

Power supply
Switch
Variable resistor
Heater (voltmeter in parralel)
Ammeter

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7
Q

Define spacific latent heat

A

The amount of energy required to change the phase per unit mass while at constant tamperature

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8
Q

Solid to liquid energy

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

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9
Q

Liquid to gas energy

A

Spacific latent heat of vapourisation

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10
Q

Boyles law

A

p1V1=p2V2

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11
Q

Combined gas law

A

p1V1/T1 = p2V2/T2

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12
Q

How to find angle in radians

A

Arc length/Radius

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13
Q

Define centripital acceleration

A

Force that acts towards the centre of a circle

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14
Q

Equation for V in circular motion

A

V=2pir/T

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15
Q

EQ for Vmax in oscillations

A

V=2piFA
or V=wA

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16
Q

Define free oscillation

A

Allowed to osciallate without any external forces
Also known as natural frequency

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17
Q

Define forced oscillation

A

Driver force is applied to an oscillator and the object will vibrate at the driving frequency

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18
Q

Define resonance

A

If the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency the onject will resonate causing a spike in amplitude

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19
Q

Keplars 1st law

A

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the 2 foci

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20
Q

Keplars 2nd law

A

A line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time

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21
Q

Keplars 3rd law

A

The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun

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22
Q

Define gravitational potential

A

Work done per unit mass to move an object from infinity to a point in a gravitational feild

23
Q

How does moving from one point in a gravitational feild to another change gravitational potential

A

Moving away from a point mass increases gravitational potential

24
Q

Eq for GPE in cosmology

A

E=mV (v is gravitational potential)

25
Q

Star sequence for star between 0.5 and 1M0

A

Nebula
main sequence
red giant
planetary nebula
White dwarf

26
Q

Star sequence for star greater than 1M0

A

Nebula
main sequence
red supergiant
supernova
2M core mass=Neutron star
3M core mass=Black hole

27
Q

What is an excited atom

A

When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level within an atom in a gas
This causes a photon to be emitted of the energy required to transition

28
Q

Define emmission line spectra

A

Each element produces a unique emmision line spectrum because of its unique set of energy levels

29
Q

Define continuous spectra

A

All visable frequencies or wavelengths are present. The atoms of a heated solid metal will produce this type of spectrum

30
Q

Define absorbtion line spectra

A

This type of spectrum has series of dark spectral lines against the background of a continuous spectrum. The dark lines have exactly the same wavelengths as the bright emission spectral lines for the same gas atoms.

31
Q

How are elements in stars detected

A

Absorbtion line spectrum
If we know the line spectrum of a particular element

32
Q

What light is used in a diffraction grating

A

Monochromatic

33
Q

Under what circumstances are minima and maxima found

A

Minima = n x wavelength
Maxima = (n+0.5) wavelength

34
Q

Define 1 AU

A

Avr distance from earth to sun

35
Q

Define parsec

A

Distance at which a radius of 1 AU subtends an angle of 1 arcsecond

36
Q

1 arcsecond in degrees

A

1/3600

37
Q

When is stellar parralax used to measure distance from the earth to an object

A

distances less than 100pc

38
Q

Doppler effect in starlight

A

If the galaxy is blue shifted it is moving towards the earth
red shifted= moving away

39
Q

Hubbles law

A

Galaxies are red shifted so moving away from us
The further away the galaxy is the faster it is moving away

40
Q

State the cosmological principal

A

The universe is homogeneous (matter is distributed uniformly) and isotropic (the universe looks the same in all directions / there is no centre or edge to the universe

41
Q

Evidence for the big bang

A

Microwave background radiation
The expanding universe

42
Q

Age of the universe

A

1/Ho

43
Q

Name a similarity between molecules in a liquid and a solid at room temp

A

KEs are the same

44
Q

Mass required for a white dwarf to form

A

Under 1.4 MO

45
Q

Mass required for neutron star to form

A

2 MO

46
Q

Mass required for black hole to form

A

> 3 MO

47
Q

What happens in red giants

A

fusion no longer takes place in the core as temp isnt high enough
fusion occurs in the shell around the core
these layers expand and cool

48
Q

Order of events beginning of the universe

A

Universe starts to expand
quarks and leptons form
hadrons form
nuclei form
atoms form

49
Q

How to find pascals from 1AU and arcseconds(d)

A

1/d

50
Q

what can be used when answering a Q about root mean square speed or escape velocity

A

Maxwell boltzmann distribution

51
Q

What is newtons law of gravitation

A

The force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversly proportional to the square of their seperation

52
Q

Stellar luminosity graphs in relation to temp

A

Higher temp = higher and to the left

53
Q

Resonance graph in relation to damping

A

High damping = lower and to the left

54
Q

Define luminosity

A

Total radiant power of a star

Physics (26 decks)

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